Study of chloroplast stromules during PCD and inter-organellar communication

PCD 和细胞间通讯过程中叶绿体基质的研究

• 批准号: 8447093
• 负责人: Jeffrey L Caplan
• 金额: $ 30.14万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-15 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8447093
• 关键词: Animals; Apoptosis; Area; Binding; Biological; Biological Models; Biological Process; Caenorhabditis elegans; Carrier Proteins; Cell Death Signaling Process; Cell Nucleus; Cell surface; Cells; Cessation of life; Chemicals; Chloroplasts; Communication; Complex; Cytoplasm; Cytosol; Data; Defense Mechanisms; Development; Disease; Drosophila genus; Equilibrium; Excision; Generations; Genetic; Genetic Screening; Goals; Growth and Development function; Human Cell Line; Hydrogen Peroxide; Image; Immune; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity; Immunologic Receptors; Infection; Knock-out; Leucine-Rich Repeat; Life; Light; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammalian Cell; Mediating; Membrane; Microscopy; Mitochondria; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; NRIP1 gene; Natural Immunity; Nuclear; Nuclear Envelope; Nucleotides; Pattern; Pattern recognition receptor; Plant Model; Plants; Play; Production; Proteins; Proteomics; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Salicylic Acids; Signal Transduction; Site; TNFRSF5 gene; Techniques; Tobacco Mosaic Virus; Transgenic Organisms; Tubular formation; Work; Yeasts; cell killing; cytochrome c; defense response; human NRIP1 protein; insight; interest; novel; overexpression; pathogen; prevent; protein complex; receptor; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In both animals and plants, various types of programmed cell death (PCD) are required for the removal of cells that are dying, infected or no longer needed. Plant innate immunity relies on a specialized type of PCD called the hypersensitive response (HR-PCD) to restrict pathogens and prevent disease. Activation and execution of HR-PCD requires rapid cellular reprogramming and the coordination between different compartments within the cell. Interestingly, our results indicate that during HR-PCD, chloroplasts send out highly dynamic tubular extensions called "stromules" that physically connect chloroplasts to nuclei, possibly augmenting their communication. Very little is known about the cellular machinery required for stromule formation or the precise function of stromules during any biological process. The specific aims of the proposed research here will 1) employ candidate, genetic and proteomic approaches to identify novel factors required for stromule induction and will elucidate their biological role during HR-PCD and innate immunity. 2) The function of stromules during the generation and propagation of pro-cell death signals, such as hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid, during HR-PCD will be revealed. 3) An in-depth study of chloroplast-to-nuclear associations using advanced microscopy techniques will shed light on the importance of inter-organellar communication during HR-PCD and innate immunity. The research outlined here will undoubtedly advance the field of innate immunity by providing researchers with a novel, cohesive model for HR-PCD that integrates the essential functions of chloroplasts, mitochondria and nuclei, and how they communicate to coordinate cellular reprogramming that leads to HR-PCD and innate immunity. Furthermore, these studies will reveal broader insights into the role of stromules in PCD and inter-organellar communication. Similar to how studies in multiple model systems, such as human cell lines, C. elegans, Drosophila and yeast, have all added to our understanding of PCD, the proposed studies here in plants will add new insight into conserved and divergent mechanisms that balance the life and death of a cell.

描述（由申请人提供）：在动物和植物中，需要各种类型的程序性细胞死亡（PCD）来去除正在死亡、感染或不再需要的细胞。植物先天免疫依赖于一种称为过敏反应（HR-PCD）的特殊类型的 PCD 来限制病原体并预防疾病。 HR-PCD 的激活和执行需要快速的细胞重编程以及细胞内不同区室之间的协调。有趣的是，我们的结果表明，在 HR-PCD 过程中，叶绿体发出高度动态的管状延伸，称为“基质”，将叶绿体与细胞核物理连接，可能增强它们的通讯。对于基质形成所需的细胞机制或基质在任何生物过程中的精确功能知之甚少。这里提出的研究的具体目标是 1) 采用候选、遗传和蛋白质组学方法来识别基质诱导所需的新因子，并阐明它们在 HR-PCD 和先天免疫过程中的生物学作用。 2) 将揭示 HR-PCD 期间基质在前细胞死亡信号（例如过氧化氢和水杨酸）的产生和传播过程中的功能。 3) 使用先进的显微镜技术对叶绿体与核的关联进行深入研究将揭示 HR-PCD 和先天免疫过程中细胞器间通讯的重要性。这里概述的研究无疑将推动先天免疫领域的发展，为研究人员提供一种新颖的、有凝聚力的 HR-PCD 模型，该模型整合了叶绿体、线粒体和细胞核的基本功能，以及它们如何沟通以协调导致 HR-PCD 的细胞重编程。 PCD 和先天免疫。此外，这些研究将揭示间质在 PCD 和细胞器间通讯中的作用的更广泛的见解。与人类细胞系、线虫、果蝇和酵母等多种模型系统的研究都增加了我们对 PCD 的理解类似，本文提出的植物研究将为平衡 PCD 的保守和发散机制提供新的见解。细胞的生与死。