Bringing the Real-World into Cognitive Neuroscience: From Images to Real Objects

将现实世界带入认知神经科学：从图像到真实物体

• 批准号: 9084222
• 负责人: Jacqueline C Snow
• 金额: $ 34.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9084222
• 关键词: Area; Attention; Base of the Brain; Behavior; Behavioral; Benchmarking; Brain; Brain Injuries; Characteristics; Code; Cognition; Complex; Crete; Cues; Data; Development; Devices; Dorsal; Environment; Eye Movements; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hand; Health; Human; Image; Individual; Joints; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Life; Light; Location; Memory; Motor; Patients; Perception; Performance; Pilot Projects; Principal Investigator; Procedures; Process; Proxy; Public Health; Publishing; Recruitment Activity; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Personnel; Retrieval; Sensory; Services; Shapes; Snow; Stimulus; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Texture; Time; Touch sensation; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; Visual; Visual Agnosias; Visual system structure; Weight; Work; base; brain behavior; cognitive neuroscience; computerized; design; disability; firewall; grasp; improved; innovation; insight; memory process; memory recognition; motor deficit; neuronal cell body; neuropsychological; novel; object perception; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; sensory input; somatosensory; visual cognition; visual search

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our understanding of human visual cognition is based almost exclusively on studies of image-based stimuli. The human visual system has evolved to perceive and interact with real objects, yet almost nothing is known about behavioral and brain-based responses to real-world complex objects, or how these differ from comparatively impoverished image displays. The long-term goal of this research is to elucidate the full set of underlying mechanisms that are engaged in real object perception. The research will provide unprecedented insight into, and comprehensive scientific understanding of, psychological and neural systems implicated in this domain. The objective of this application is to understand how and why real-world stimuli, compared with images, influence cognition, behavior, and neural responses. The central hypothesis is that real objects are processed and represented differently to images because they are relevant for genuine goal-directed action, and neural systems that are engaged in action are also recruited in the service of perception and cognition. The central hypothesis is formulated on the basis of preliminary behavioral, neuropsychological, and fMRI data produced by the applicants. The rationale for the research is that studying richer stimuli that match the characteristics of objects that are encountered in everyday life will fundamentally improve our understanding of cognition, and, thereby, expand the generalizability and translational value of scientific knowledge to real-world environments and settings. The central hypothesis will be tested by pursuing three specific aims: (1) Determine how perception and recognition processes differ for real objects vs. images; (2) Determine how memory processes differ for real objects vs. images; and (3) Determine how visual exploration and attention differ for real objects vs. images. These fundamental processes will be examined using behavioral and/or fMRI studies in healthy observers and neuropsychological patients with perceptual deficits. The studies involve real life-sized objects with natural surface texture, compliance, and weight. The objects have a definite size, distance, and location from the observer, and most importantly, they afford genuine actions such as grasping and manipulation. The studies employ novel and innovative experimental devices, procedures, and paradigms, designed for presenting large numbers of real objects in rapid succession in the laboratory and the fMRI scanner, under controlled viewing conditions. Together, these stimuli and techniques will serve as benchmarks for researchers and clinicians exploring real-object effects on behavior and neural coding. The contribution of the proposed research is that it will elucidate fully the underlying processes and mechanisms that are engaged in real-world cognition, and will shift current research paradigms that focus on images to more ecologically valid stimuli. This contribution is significant because it will reveal, for th first time, how the integrated workings of the perceptuo-motor system fundamentally shape visual cognition, why these systems should be studied with real graspable stimuli, and how their joint activity influences and improves performance.

 描述（由申请人提供）：我们对人类视觉认知的理解几乎完全基于对基于图像的刺激的研究人类视觉系统已经进化到能够感知真实物体并与之交互，但对行为和基于大脑的认知几乎一无所知。对现实世界复杂物体的反应，或者这些与相对贫乏的图像显示有何不同。这项研究的长期目标是阐明参与真实物体感知的全套潜在机制。 ，以及全面的科学认识该应用程序的目的是了解与图像相比，现实世界的刺激如何以及为何影响认知、行为和神经反应。其表现与图像不同，因为它们与真正的目标导向行动相关，并且参与行动的神经系统也被招募来服务于感知和认知。中心假设是在初步行为、神经心理学和功能磁共振成像的基础上制定的。申请人提供的数据。研究表明，研究与日常生活中遇到的物体特征相匹配的更丰富的刺激将从根本上提高我们对认知的理解，从而扩大科学知识对现实世界环境和假设的普遍性和转化价值。通过追求三个特定目标进行测试：（1）确定真实物体与图像的感知和识别过程有何不同；（2）确定真实物体与图像的记忆过程有何不同；以及（3）确定视觉探索和注意力有何不同；与真实物体不同这些基本过程将通过健康观察者和有知觉缺陷的神经心理学患者的行为和/或功能磁共振成像研究进行检查。这些研究涉及具有自然表面纹理、顺应性和重量的真实物体。观察者的大小、距离和位置，最重要的是，它们提供了真实的动作，例如抓取和操纵，这些研究采用了新颖和创新的实验设备、程序和范例，旨在快速连续地呈现大量真实物体。实验室和功能磁共振成像扫描仪，在这些刺激和技术将共同作为研究人员和追随者探索真实物体对行为和神经编码的影响的基准，该研究的贡献在于它将充分阐明参与其中的潜在过程和机制。现实世界的认知，并将把当前关注图像的研究范式转向更生态上有效的刺激，这一贡献意义重大，因为它将首次揭示感知-运动系统的综合运作如何从根本上塑造视觉认知。为什么这些系统应该用真实的可抓握刺激来研究它们的联合活动如何影响和提高表现。