Nicotine dependence, reward sensitivity, and lapse behavior in light smokers

轻度吸烟者的尼古丁依赖、奖赏敏感性和戒烟行为

基本信息

批准号：
8826724
负责人：
Stephen Jeffrey Wilson
金额：
$ 7.36万
依托单位：
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-04-01 至 2017-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8826724
关键词：
Abstinence Acute Address Age Attention Behavior Behavioral Brain imaging Cause of Death Cessation of life Cigarette Cigarette Smoker Dependence Development Disease Ecological momentary assessment Exhibits Goals Health Health Campaign Impairment Incentives Individual Individual Differences Intervention Knowledge Laboratory Study Life Light Low Prevalence Measures Mediating Methods Nicotine Dependence Nicotine Withdrawal Outcome Patient Self-Report Pattern Phase Physiological Pilot Projects Population Prevention Process Public Health Research Rewards Risk Severities Smoke Smoker Smoking Smoking Behavior Smoking Prevention Symptoms Syndrome Techniques Testing Time United States Withdrawal Symptom addiction aged behavioral outcome cigarette smoking clinically relevant clinically significant cognitive performance cost economic cost emerging adult emerging adulthood experience innovation insight neuromechanism non-drug prevent programs psychologic public health priorities relating to nervous system response reward processing therapy development

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the United States, with health-related economic costs that exceed $193 billion per year. As with other forms of addiction, impairments in reward processing are thought to serve as important markers for nicotine dependence. Public health campaigns and addiction research have primarily focused on heavy smokers (those smoking >10 cigarettes per day). Daily light smokers (defined as those smoking 1-5 cigarettes per day) have received comparatively less attention despite the substantial public health impact of low-level cigarette use. Rates of light smoking have increased dramatically in recent years, particularly among emerging adults (individuals aged 18-25). Light smokers demonstrate many clinically relevant symptoms of nicotine dependence (e.g., nicotine withdrawal, inability to quit), but vary greatly in terms of the extent to which they exhibit these symptoms. In addition to variability in nicotine dependence, light smoking during emerging adulthood also varies in terms of smoking trajectory. Many light smokers are at risk of progressing to higher rates of smoking and increased dependence, whereas others experience little dependence and ultimately discontinue smoking. Currently, little is known about the widely varying levels of nicotine dependence and divergent smoking trajectories observed among light smokers during emerging adulthood. The goal of proposed pilot study is to address this knowledge gap by testing the overarching hypothesis that sensitivity to non-drug rewards serves as an important marker for nicotine dependence severity in light smoking emerging adults. Focusing on this population, the proposed research has two specific aims: 1) To examine the relationship between level of nicotine dependence and reward-contingent inhibitory control; and 2) To examine the relationship between level of nicotine dependence and the ability to refrain from smoking in order to obtain non-drug incentives. If successful, future research will extend this pilot project y using a combination of brain imaging and longitudinal methods to characterize the neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in the sensitivity to non-drug rewards and to examine changes in the behavioral and neural responsiveness to non-drug rewards that occur as smoking patterns evolve over time in light smoking emerging adults (i.e., as they progress to heavier or lighter smoking). Results from this pilot study and the subsequent program of research it is used to support will have important implications for developing strategies aimed at identifying light smokers who are likely to exhibit an escalation in cigarette use and addiction severity. In addition, findings will be informative for interventions that target the motivational mechanisms perpetuating smoking behavior in this understudied population. Given the enormous costs associated with cigarette use, including at relatively low levels, even a modest improvement in smoking prevention and treatment gained through such techniques would have significant benefits for public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟是美国可预防死亡的主要原因之一，与健康相关的经济成本每年超过1930亿美元。与其他形式的成瘾一样，奖励处理中的障碍被认为是尼古丁依赖性的重要标志。公共卫生运动和成瘾研究主要集中在浓烟（每天吸烟> 10支香烟）上。尽管使用低水平的香烟对公共卫生的影响很大，但每天吸烟者（定义为每天吸烟1-5支香烟的吸烟者）受到相对较少的关注。近年来，轻度吸烟率急剧增加，尤其是在新兴的成年人中（年龄在18-25岁的人）中。轻度吸烟者表现出许多与尼古丁依赖性的临床相关症状（例如尼古丁提取，无法退出），但在它们表现出这些症状的程度。除了尼古丁依赖性的变异性外，成年期间的光吸烟在吸烟轨迹方面也有所不同。许多轻便的吸烟者面临更高的吸烟率和增加依赖性的风险，而其他吸烟者则有很少的依赖性，最终会停止吸烟。目前，对于新兴成年期间轻度吸烟者观察到的尼古丁依赖性和不同吸烟轨迹的差异很大。拟议的试点研究的目的是通过测试总体假设来解决这一知识差距，即对非药物奖励的敏感性是对尼古丁依赖性严重程度在轻度吸烟的成年人中的重要标志。拟议的研究专注于这一人群有两个具体的目的：1）检查尼古丁依赖水平与奖励抑制性控制之间的关系； 2）检查尼古丁依赖水平与避免吸烟的能力之间的关系以获得非药物激励措施。 If successful, future research will extend this pilot project y using a combination of brain imaging and longitudinal methods to characterize the neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in the sensitivity to non-drug rewards and to examine changes in the behavioral and neural responsiveness to non-drug rewards that occur as smoking patterns evolve over time in light smoking emerging adults (i.e., as they progress to heavier or lighter smoking).这项试点研究的结果和随后的研究计划用于支持将对制定旨在确定可能在香烟使用和成瘾严重程度上升级的轻型吸烟者的策略具有重要意义。此外，针对针对该研究不足的人群中吸烟行为的动机机制的干预措施的发现将是有益的。考虑到与香烟使用相关的巨额成本，包括在相对较低的水平下，即使是通过这种技术进行的预防和治疗的适度改善也会为公共卫生带来重大好处。