Nicotine dependence, reward sensitivity, and lapse behavior in light smokers

轻度吸烟者的尼古丁依赖、奖赏敏感性和戒烟行为

基本信息

批准号：
8826724
负责人：
Stephen Jeffrey Wilson
金额：
$ 7.36万
依托单位：
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-04-01 至 2017-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8826724
关键词：
Abstinence Acute Address Age Attention Behavior Behavioral Brain imaging Cause of Death Cessation of life Cigarette Cigarette Smoker Dependence Development Disease Ecological momentary assessment Exhibits Goals Health Health Campaign Impairment Incentives Individual Individual Differences Intervention Knowledge Laboratory Study Life Light Low Prevalence Measures Mediating Methods Nicotine Dependence Nicotine Withdrawal Outcome Patient Self-Report Pattern Phase Physiological Pilot Projects Population Prevention Process Public Health Research Rewards Risk Severities Smoke Smoker Smoking Smoking Behavior Smoking Prevention Symptoms Syndrome Techniques Testing Time United States Withdrawal Symptom addiction aged behavioral outcome cigarette smoking clinically relevant clinically significant cognitive performance cost economic cost emerging adult emerging adulthood experience innovation insight neuromechanism non-drug prevent programs psychologic public health priorities relating to nervous system response reward processing therapy development

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the United States, with health-related economic costs that exceed $193 billion per year. As with other forms of addiction, impairments in reward processing are thought to serve as important markers for nicotine dependence. Public health campaigns and addiction research have primarily focused on heavy smokers (those smoking >10 cigarettes per day). Daily light smokers (defined as those smoking 1-5 cigarettes per day) have received comparatively less attention despite the substantial public health impact of low-level cigarette use. Rates of light smoking have increased dramatically in recent years, particularly among emerging adults (individuals aged 18-25). Light smokers demonstrate many clinically relevant symptoms of nicotine dependence (e.g., nicotine withdrawal, inability to quit), but vary greatly in terms of the extent to which they exhibit these symptoms. In addition to variability in nicotine dependence, light smoking during emerging adulthood also varies in terms of smoking trajectory. Many light smokers are at risk of progressing to higher rates of smoking and increased dependence, whereas others experience little dependence and ultimately discontinue smoking. Currently, little is known about the widely varying levels of nicotine dependence and divergent smoking trajectories observed among light smokers during emerging adulthood. The goal of proposed pilot study is to address this knowledge gap by testing the overarching hypothesis that sensitivity to non-drug rewards serves as an important marker for nicotine dependence severity in light smoking emerging adults. Focusing on this population, the proposed research has two specific aims: 1) To examine the relationship between level of nicotine dependence and reward-contingent inhibitory control; and 2) To examine the relationship between level of nicotine dependence and the ability to refrain from smoking in order to obtain non-drug incentives. If successful, future research will extend this pilot project y using a combination of brain imaging and longitudinal methods to characterize the neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in the sensitivity to non-drug rewards and to examine changes in the behavioral and neural responsiveness to non-drug rewards that occur as smoking patterns evolve over time in light smoking emerging adults (i.e., as they progress to heavier or lighter smoking). Results from this pilot study and the subsequent program of research it is used to support will have important implications for developing strategies aimed at identifying light smokers who are likely to exhibit an escalation in cigarette use and addiction severity. In addition, findings will be informative for interventions that target the motivational mechanisms perpetuating smoking behavior in this understudied population. Given the enormous costs associated with cigarette use, including at relatively low levels, even a modest improvement in smoking prevention and treatment gained through such techniques would have significant benefits for public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟是美国可预防死亡的主要原因之一，每年与健康相关的经济成本超过 1,930 亿美元。与其他形式的成瘾一样，奖励处理受损被认为是尼古丁依赖的重要标志。公共卫生运动和成瘾研究主要关注重度吸烟者（每天吸烟超过 10 支的人）。尽管低量吸烟对公共健康产生了巨大影响，但每日轻度吸烟者（定义为每天吸 1-5 支烟的人）受到的关注相对较少。近年来，轻度吸烟率急剧上升，特别是在新兴成年人（18-25 岁的个人）中。轻度吸烟者表现出许多与尼古丁依赖相关的临床症状（例如尼古丁戒断、无法戒烟），但各症状差异很大就他们表现出这些症状的程度而言。除了尼古丁依赖的差异之外，成年初期轻度吸烟的吸烟轨迹也有所不同。许多轻度吸烟者面临着吸烟率上升和依赖性增加的风险，而其他人则几乎没有依赖性并最终戒烟。目前，我们对轻度吸烟者在成年初期观察到的尼古丁依赖程度的巨大差异和不同的吸烟轨迹知之甚少。拟议试点研究的目标是通过测试总体假设来解决这一知识差距，即对非药物奖励的敏感性是轻度吸烟的新兴成年人尼古丁依赖严重程度的重要标志。针对这一人群，拟议的研究有两个具体目标：1）检查尼古丁依赖水平与奖赏相关抑制控制之间的关系； 2) 检查尼古丁依赖程度与为了获得非药物激励而克制吸烟的能力之间的关系。如果成功，未来的研究将扩展该试点项目，结合脑成像和纵向方法来表征对非药物奖励敏感性的个体差异背后的神经机制，并检查对非药物的行为和神经反应的变化在轻度吸烟的新兴成年人中，随着吸烟模式随着时间的推移而演变（即，随着他们逐渐发展为重度或轻度吸烟），会出现奖励。这项试点研究及其所支持的后续研究计划的结果将对制定旨在识别可能表现出卷烟使用和成瘾严重程度上升的轻度吸烟者的策略具有重要意义。此外，研究结果将为针对这一未被充分研究的人群中维持吸烟行为的动机机制的干预措施提供信息。考虑到与吸烟相关的巨大成本（包括相对较低的水平），即使通过此类技术在吸烟预防和治疗方面取得微小的改善，也会对公共健康产生重大益处。