The genomic basis for adaptation to a fungal pathogen

适应真菌病原体的基因组基础

• 批准号: 8804186
• 负责人: Parvin Shahrestani
• 金额: $ 3.41万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-01 至 2015-08-17
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8804186
• 关键词: Aedes; Affect; Alleles; Anopheles Genus; Antifungal Agents; Bedbugs; Biological; Candidate Disease Gene; Categories; Competence; Culicidae; DNA Resequencing; Data; Dengue; Disease Vectors; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Employee Strikes; Evaluation; Evolution; Food; Gene Frequency; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Grooming; Health; Human; Immune; Immune system; Immunity; Infection; Insect Vectors; Insecta; Label; Malaria; Modeling; Mosquito Control; Mycoses; Pathway interactions; Performance; Population; Population Control; Predisposition; Resistance; Resistance to infection; Sampling; Shapes; Source; System; Testing; Tissues; Transgenic Organisms; Variant; base; food security; fungus; genome sequencing; human disease; insect disease; mutant; pathogen; population based; public health relevance; research study; resistance mechanism; response; sexual dimorphism; vector mosquito

Project Summary The present project will determine the genomic basis for evolved resistance to Beauvaria bassiana in the genetic model insect, Drosophila melanogaster. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as B. bassiana, are used in biological control of mosquito vectors of dengue fever and malaria, and of other insect pests, such as bedbugs and those that affect food security. However, mechanisms of insect resistance to fungal entomopathogens are poorly understood. Understanding resistance has additional implications for human health because of strong homology between insect and mammalian innate immune systems. An "evolve and resequence" approach will be applied to determine the genetic basis for evolved resistance to fungal infection in Drosophila. D. melanogaster will be artificially selected for increased resistance to B. bassiana in very large, replicated experimental populations. The pre-selection source population will be derived from a cosmopolitan sample of D. melanogaster representing common natural variation worldwide. Whole-genome sequence data will be collected from selected and control populations at multiple intermediate generations throughout the selection regime, allowing observation of the temporal trajectory of adaptive alleles. It is expected that the response to selection will primarily derive from standing genetic variation, so these allele frequency dynamics will illustrate the poorly understood "soft sweep" mode of adaptation in natural populations. This study will determine mechanistic factors that shape antifungal defense, including elucidation of the basis for a striking sexual dimorphism in resistance, and will serve as a general model of adaptive evolution.

项目概要 目前的项目将确定进化出的白僵菌抗性的基因组基础 遗传模型昆虫果蝇中的白僵菌。昆虫病原真菌，例如 如 B. bassiana，用于登革热和疟疾蚊媒的生物控制， 以及其他害虫，例如臭虫和影响粮食安全的害虫。然而， 昆虫对真菌昆虫病原体的抗性机制知之甚少。 了解耐药性对人类健康具有额外的影响，因为 昆虫和哺乳动物先天免疫系统之间的同源性。 “进化与重新排序” 该方法将用于确定进化对真菌感染的抵抗力的遗传基础 在果蝇中。黑腹果蝇将被人工选择以增加对黑腹果蝇的抗性。 在非常大的、重复的实验群体中发现了白僵菌。预选源群体 将源自黑腹果蝇的世界性样本，代表常见的天然 世界范围内的变化。将从选定的和对照中收集全基因组序列数据 在整个选择过程中多个中间代的种群，允许 观察适应性等位基因的时间轨迹。预计回应 选择主要来自固定的遗传变异，因此这些等位基因频率 动力学将说明人们对自然适应的“软扫”模式知之甚少 人口。这项研究将确定形成抗真菌防御的机制因素， 包括阐明抵抗中显着的性别二态性的基础，并将有助于 作为适应性进化的一般模型。