Race, alcohol consumption and vehicle crashes: an epidemiologic paradox

种族、饮酒和车祸：流行病学悖论

• 批准号: 8848005
• 负责人: KATHERINE MARGARET KEYES
• 金额: $ 18.18万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-23 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8848005
• 关键词: Accident and Emergency department; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; African American; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; American; Applications Grants; Area; Attitude; Automobile Driving; Award; Blood alcohol level measurement; Cause of Death; Censuses; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Communities; Consumption; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Disease; Drug usage; Elderly; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; Event; Exposure to; Face; Funding; Genetic Crossing Over; Geographic Locations; Health; Hispanics; Individual; Injury; Latino; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Low Prevalence; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Methods; Mexican; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; New York; New York City; Not Hispanic or Latino; Pattern; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population Density; Preparation; Public Health; Puerto Rican; Race; Records; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Training; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Rural Population; Safety; Sampling; Shapes; Social Environment; Subgroup; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; Training; United States; Ursidae Family; Vehicle crash; Work; age related; alcohol epidemiology; alcohol use disorder; base; binge drinking; built environment; drinking; emerging adult; epidemiologic data; ethnic difference; experience; high risk; high risk drinking; injured; low socioeconomic status; mortality; neglect; novel; professor; racial and ethnic; racial/ethnic difference; sex; skills; social; social norm; young adult; Accident and Emergency department; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; African American; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; American; Applications Grants; Area; Attitude; Automobile Driving; Award; Blood alcohol level measurement; Cause of Death; Censuses; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Communities; Consumption; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Disease; Drug usage; Elderly; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; Event; Exposure to; Face; Funding; Genetic Crossing Over; Geographic Locations; Health; Hispanics; Individual; Injury; Latino; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Low Prevalence; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Methods; Mexican; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; New York; New York City; Not Hispanic or Latino; Pattern; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population Density; Preparation; Public Health; Puerto Rican; Race; Records; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Training; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Rural Population; Safety; Sampling; Shapes; Social Environment; Subgroup; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; Training; United States; Ursidae Family; Vehicle crash; Work; age related; alcohol epidemiology; alcohol use disorder; base; binge drinking; built environment; drinking; emerging adult; epidemiologic data; ethnic difference; experience; high risk; high risk drinking; injured; low socioeconomic status; mortality; neglect; novel; professor; racial and ethnic; racial/ethnic difference; sex; skills; social; social norm; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite a greater accumulation of risk factors for at-risk drinking and alcohol use disorders, national epidemiological surveys consistently report that Blacks and Hispanics in the United States (US) have an comparable or lower prevalence of binge drinking and alcohol disorders compared to non-Hispanic Whites. However, mortality data indicate that they have higher rates of alcohol-attributable motor vehicle crash fatality (MVCF). These seemingly divergent patterns indicate an epidemiologic paradox, the consequences of which are important for public health: MVCF is a leading cause of death among young adults, Blacks and Hispanics experience substantial inequities in MVCF compared to non-Hispanic Whites, and approximately 30% of all MVCFs are alcohol-related. In the present application for a Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01), I propose to develop expertise in four areas that will allow me to develop a line of research into the racial/ethnic paradox in alcohol-related health: 1) Built environment effects on alcohol-related health; 2) Conceptualization and measurement of cultural and social norms regarding alcohol use; 3) Analysis of repeated measures data; and 4) Field methods in epidemiologic data collection. I will use the skills obtained in these training areas to begin to fill outstanding gaps in our understanding of racial/ethnic differences in alcohol- related health with three research projects, for which the K01 will allow me protected research time that would otherwise not be possible as a new assistant professor. First, I will probe the validity of the racial/ethnic paradox itself. I ill explore whether lower rates of problem drinking among racial/ethnic minorities are limited to adolescents and young adults, and whether rates of problem drinking among older adults are higher among Blacks and Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites. This work will utilize a national longitudinal dataset and incorporate information on trajectories within Blacks and Latino subgroups, which have never been characterized. Second, I will determine if alcohol-related social norms mediate overall differences in alcohol use and MVC risk, adding to our knowledge of how the paradox arises. I will use data from the New York Social Environment Survey, an epidemiologic study in New York City with rich racial and ethnic diversity and one of the only community-based samples to measure alcohol norms. Third, I will test a potential mechanism to explain the racial/ethnic paradox: that Black and Hispanic individuals experience more alcohol-attributable MVCF because the built environment in which they consume alcohol is more dangerous (e.g., worse road conditions). To test this hypothesis I propose a novel study linking records from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System on a national level with census and land usage information. In addition to these research aims, my K01 award period will focus on preparation of an R01 grant proposal to collect original data on racial/ethnic differences in alcohol-related health that builds on and extends the research proposed here. These projects are feasible only if I have protected time for new training and research, which K01 funding will provide.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管有危险饮酒和酒精使用障碍的危险因素增加了，但国家流行病学调查始终报告说，美国的黑人和西班牙裔（美国）的暴饮暴食和酒精疾病的患病率与非医学白人相比具有可比性或较低的患病率。但是，死亡率数据表明，它们的酒精效率造成汽车撞车死亡率（MVCF）较高。这些看似不同的模式表明流行病学悖论，其后果对公共卫生很重要：MVCF是年轻人，黑人和西班牙裔的主要死亡原因，与非西班牙裔白人相比，MVCF的严重不平等现象，大约30％的MVCF，大约30％的MVCF。在现有的指导研究科学家发展奖（K01）的申请中，我建议在四个领域开发专业知识，这将使我能够对酒精相关健康中的种族/族裔悖论进行研究，以实现与酒精相关的健康的影响； 2）关于饮酒的概念化和衡量文化和社会规范； 3）分析重复测量数据； 4）流行病学数据收集中的现场方法。我将利用这些培训领域获得的技能，开始填补我们对酒精与酒精相关健康差异的理解，并通过三个研究项目， K01将允许我保护研究时间，否则作为新的助理教授不可能。首先，我将探讨种族/族裔悖论本身的有效性。我探讨了种族/族裔少数族裔的饮酒率较低的速度是否仅限于青少年和年轻人，以及与非西班牙裔白人相比，黑人和西班牙裔的老年人饮酒率是否更高。这项工作将利用国家纵向数据集，并结合有关黑人和拉丁裔亚组中轨迹的信息，这些信息从未表征过。其次，我将确定与酒精相关的社会规范是否介导了酒精使用和MVC风险的总体差异，从而增加了我们对悖论如何产生的了解。我将使用纽约社会环境调查的数据，这是一项在纽约市的流行病学研究，具有丰富的种族和种族多样性，也是衡量酒精规范的唯一基于社区的样本之一。第三，我将测试一种潜在的机制来解释种族/族裔悖论：黑人和西班牙裔人会经历更多可饮酒的MVCF，因为他们食用酒精的建筑环境更加危险（例如，道路状况较差）。为了检验这一假设，我提出了一项新的研究，将全国性分析报告系统的记录与人口普查和土地使用信息联系起来。除这些研究目的外，我的K01奖励期还将着重于准备R01赠款提案，以收集有关酒精相关健康中种族/种族差异的原始数据，该数据基于酒精相关的健康，并扩展了此处的研究。这些项目只有在我保护了新的培训和研究的时间时才可行，K01资金将提供。