How social behavior changes the brain

社会行为如何改变大脑

基本信息

批准号：
8876814
负责人：
RUSSELL D FERNALD
金额：
$ 38万
依托单位：
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1989-08-01 至 2016-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8876814
关键词：
2 year old Accounting Adult Aleurites Amygdaloid structure Animal Behavior Animals Architecture Awareness Behavior Behavioral Bioinformatics Biological Biological Models Biological Process Birds Brain Brain region British Cells Cichlids Data Data Set Dendrites Employment Event Evolution Fire - disasters Gap Junctions Gene Expression Gene Expression Profile Generations Genes Genetic Growth Health Hippocampus (Brain)Human Hypothalamic structure Immune response Immune system Indium Individual Infant Inflammation Laboratories Lasers Length Life Life Experience Macaca mulatta Maps Measures Microscopy Modeling Molecular Molecular Profiling Neurons Outcome Papio Pathway Analysis Pathway interactions Pattern Phenotype Physical environment Physiological Positioning Attribute Prefrontal Cortex Process Property Public Health Reproduction Research Resources Services Shapes Signal Transduction Social Behavior Social Change Social Dominance Social Environment Social Interaction Social status Societies Stratification Stress Structure System Testing Transcript Translating Vertebral column Vertebrates Weight Wound Healing base behavior change brain behavior computerized tools density dentate gyrus genome-wide improved innovation insight mortality novel prenatal research study response social social group teleost fish tool

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Physical and social environments shape the behavior of all animals from prenatal life through adulthood, producing effects that include physiological, cellular and molecular changes in the brain. The long-term objective of this research is to understand how social interactions produce changes in the brain at the level of behavior, circuitry, neurons and genes. Since social rank is a ubiquitous element in social systems and rank position can dramatically influence the quality of an individual's life, we will analyze how changes in status alter brain structure and function. We will continue using a well-defined teleost fish model system in which we manipulate the social status of animals under controlled laboratory conditions mimicking natural events and measure the cellular and molecular consequences in identified neurons. We have previously shown that the social environment alone can cause these neurons to enlarge or shrink ca. 8-fold in volume and that their dendritic extent and interconnections depend critically on social status. We will use novel, complementary approaches to discover how behavior causes these changes in the brain. 1) We will collect the contents of the single identified neurons that show a large response to social signals as they ascend in social status. We will sequence the gene transcripts produced in these neurons during social ascent and identify the gene transcripts to identify the sequelae of gene expression patterns responsible for changes in neuronal size and connectivity. We will analyze the transcripts using cutting edge bioinformatic tools to identify the architecture of molecular expression that causes changes in the brain. This novel information will reveal the molecular underpinnings of cellular and physiological changes and its ontogeny during status change. 2) We will identify functional changes and connections among the status sensitive neurons to identify how they change in response to social signals of rank. The neurons we study must integrate social and physiological inputs allowing us to identify pathways that control them by exploiting animals in their two extreme phenotypes, high status and low status as well as animals during transitions between these states. Social ascent has behavioral and molecular signatures distinct from social descent that we will use to understand the differences in the underlying mechanisms of control. We know that the neurons under study differ in their function between high status animals where they fire synchronously while in low status animals where they fire asynchronously. We will identify the mechanisms that account for these different functions at the cellular and network levels. Dominance hierarchies are a central organizing mechanism for animal societies and status is known to regulate access to resources and impact survival, health, and reproduction. Yet little is known about how social rank acts biologically to alter the brain and behavior. The results from the experiments proposed here should provide insights into mechanisms through which social signals that indicate status can change cells and circuits in vertebrate brains. Since social status regulates social behavior similarly in most species, our results will provide useful information for understanding how such potent social signals influence the brain that will ultimately be important for improving public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：物理和社会环境塑造了所有动物从产前到成年的行为，产生包括大脑生理、细胞和分子变化在内的影响。这项研究的长期目标是了解社交互动如何在行为、电路、神经元和基因层面上产生大脑的变化。由于社会等级是社会系统中普遍存在的元素，并且等级位置可以极大地影响个人的生活质量，因此我们将分析地位的变化如何改变大脑结构和功能。我们将继续使用明确定义的硬骨鱼鱼模型系统，我们在受控实验室条件下模仿自然事件操纵动物的社会地位，并测量已识别神经元的细胞和分子后果。我们之前已经证明，仅社会环境就可以导致这些神经元放大或缩小。体积是原来的 8 倍，而且它们的树突范围和相互联系很大程度上取决于社会地位。我们将使用新颖的、互补的方法来发现行为如何导致大脑的这些变化。 1）我们将收集单个已识别神经元的内容，这些神经元在社会地位提升时对社交信号表现出较大反应。我们将对这些神经元在社会上升过程中产生的基因转录本进行测序，并鉴定基因转录本，以识别导致神经元大小和连接性变化的基因表达模式的后遗症。我们将使用尖端的生物信息学工具分析转录本，以确定导致大脑变化的分子表达结构。这些新颖的信息将揭示细胞和生理变化的分子基础及其在状态变化期间的个体发育。 2）我们将识别状态敏感神经元之间的功能变化和连接，以确定它们如何响应社会等级信号而变化。我们研究的神经元必须整合社会和生理输入，使我们能够通过利用处于两种极端表型（高地位和低地位）的动物以及这些状态之间转换期间的动物来识别控制它们的途径。社会上升具有与社会下降不同的行为和分子特征，我们将用它来理解潜在控制机制的差异。我们知道，所研究的神经元在高地位动物中的功能有所不同，在高地位动物中，它们同步放电，而在低地位动物中，它们异步放电。我们将确定在细胞和网络层面解释这些不同功能的机制。优势等级是动物社会的核心组织机制，众所周知，地位可以调节资源的获取并影响生存、健康和繁殖。然而，人们对社会等级如何从生物学角度改变大脑和行为知之甚少。这里提出的实验结果应该可以深入了解表明状态的社会信号可以改变脊椎动物大脑中的细胞和回路的机制。由于社会地位在大多数物种中以类似的方式调节社会行为，因此我们的研究结果将为理解这种有效的社会信号如何影响大脑提供有用的信息，这最终对改善公共健康非常重要。