Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Trait Vulnerability to Human Anxiety

人类焦虑特质脆弱性的神经认知机制

基本信息

批准号：
8659777
负责人：
Sonia Jane Bishop
金额：
$ 7.09万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-05-03 至 2015-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8659777
关键词：
Acute Disease Address Affect Amygdaloid structure Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Area Attention Brain imaging Brain region Cognitive Cues Development Disease Down-Regulation Educational Intervention Emotional Emotions Extinction (Psychology)Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional disorder Human Human Volunteers Imaging Techniques Impairment Individual Individual Differences Intervention Investigation Life Maintenance Marker Discovery Measures Mental disorders Modeling National Institute of Mental Health Neurobiology Neurocognitive Onset of illness Participant Population Prefrontal Cortex Procedures Process Regulation Relative (related person)Research Risk Route Signal Transduction Source Staging Stimulus Subgroup Symptoms Testing Training cognitive training conditioned fear disorder risk emotion regulation functional restoration healthy volunteer high risk improved insight neurofeedback public health relevance relating to nervous system research study response trait

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two key NIMH objectives pertain to (a) the discovery of 'markers' that can be used to identify individuals at risk of psychiatric disease and (b) the development of preventative treatment measures to pre-empt the onset of disorder in these individuals. The proposed research seeks to further these objectives in the context of anxiety disorders. It investigates the neurocognitive mechanisms through which trait vulnerability to anxiety is conferred and examines whether cognitive and neurocognitive training can be used to restore function in areas of impairment. In addition, it explores whether neural markers can be used to identify those individuals 'at- risk' of anxiety disorders who are most likely to benefit from preventative cognitive training interventions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be used to test a dual route model of trait vulnerability to anxiety, the contention being that at least two, largely independent, sources of individual variability confer vulnerability to anxiety disorders. Our first specific aim is to establish whether (i) impoverished recruitment of frontal control mechanisms and (ii) enhanced amygdala responsivity to cues that signal threat are independently associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety. Both attention and fear conditioning fMRI experiments will be conducted in healthy volunteers with varying levels of trait anxiety. We aim to establish whether trait anxiety-related dysregulation of frontal function encompasses both dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal regions, with disruption to the former impacting the regulation of attention, and disruption to the latter impacting the down-regulation and extinction of conditioned fear. Our second specific aim is to establish whether trait anxious individuals primarily characterised by frontal hypo-activity will benefit from attention and emotion regulation training to a greater extent than those primarily characterised by amygdala hyper-responsivity. Here, we will also investigate whether the benefits of attention and emotion regulation training can be augmented by provision of neurofeedback from the frontal regions supporting these processes. We will examine whether these training procedures can be used to restore impoverished dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal function, and we will investigate the impact of this upon sustained attention and the down-regulation and extinction of conditioned fear.

描述（由申请人提供）：NIMH 的两个关键目标涉及 (a) 发现可用于识别有精神疾病风险的个体的“标记”，以及 (b) 制定预防性治疗措施以预防发病这些人的紊乱。拟议的研究旨在在焦虑症的背景下进一步推进这些目标。它研究了神经认知机制，通过该机制赋予了易受焦虑影响的特质，并检查认知和神经认知训练是否可以用于恢复受损区域的功能。此外，它还探讨了神经标记是否可用于识别那些“有焦虑症风险”的个体，他们最有可能从预防性认知训练干预中受益。功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）将用于测试焦虑特质脆弱性的双途径模型，其论点是，至少有两个基本上独立的个体变异性来源导致了焦虑症的脆弱性。我们的第一个具体目标是确定（i）额叶控制机制的募集不足和（ii）杏仁核对威胁信号线索的反应性增强是否与焦虑特质的脆弱性独立相关。注意力和恐惧调节功能磁共振成像实验将在具有不同程度特质焦虑的健康志愿者中进行。我们的目的是确定与特质焦虑相关的额叶功能失调是否涵盖背外侧和腹内侧前额叶区域，前者的破坏会影响注意力的调节，而后者的破坏会影响条件性恐惧的下调和消除。我们的第二个具体目标是确定以额叶活动减退为主要特征的特质焦虑个体是否会比以杏仁核高反应性为主要特征的个体从注意力和情绪调节训练中受益更大。在这里，我们还将研究是否可以通过支持这些过程的额叶区域提供神经反馈来增强注意力和情绪调节训练的好处。我们将研究这些训练程序是否可用于恢复贫困的背外侧和腹内侧前额叶功能，并将研究其对持续注意力以及条件性恐惧的下调和消除的影响。