Active and Nonlinear Models for Cochlear Mechanics

耳蜗力学的主动和非线性模型

• 批准号: 8489275
• 负责人: Karl Grosh
• 金额: $ 23.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8489275
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustics; Address; Age; Algorithms; Apical; Auditory; Behavior; Characteristics; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear duct; Coupling; Dependence; Development; Electric Conductivity; Electric Stimulation; Elements; Failure; Frequencies; Goals; Grant; Hair; Health; Hearing; Height; Inner Hair Cells; Lead; Link; Liquid substance; Location; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Membrane Potentials; Microfluidics; Modality; Modeling; Motion; Music; Noise; Non-linear Models; Organ of Corti; Outer Hair Cells; Pathology; Process; Prosthesis; Relative (related person); Research; Residual state; Role; Scheme; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Source; Speech; Stimulus; System; Testing; Transducers; Variant; base; cell motility; computerized data processing; fluid flow; improved; in vivo; mathematical model; neuronal cell body; neurotransmitter release; noninvasive diagnosis; response; sensor; sound; speech processing; tectorial membrane

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Fluid flow stimulates the hair bundles (HB) of the inner hair cells (IHC) of the cochlea opening the mechano-electric transducer (MET) channels of the IHCs. The resulting current depolarizes the cell body inducing neurotransmitter release and, ultimately, auditory nerve stimulation. The active machinery of the cochlea, driven by motility of outer hair cells (OHC), both tunes the microfluidic excitation of the IHC HBs and provides for nonlinear compression. However, the relative influence of OHC somatic and HB motility on this final fluidic forcing in the cochlea has yet to be conclusively apportioned nor has the microfluidi flow that excites the IHC HB. The specific aims of this grant are to develop models of IHC HB stimulation by developing a microfluidic representation of the flow in the subtectorial space and coupling these models to the macroscopic model of the cochlea. In specific aim 2 we seek to determine the tonotopic dependence and combined effect of active OHC forces on the organ of Corti and of the fluidic forces on the IHC HB. The overarching goal of this research is to develop a complete fluid-mechanical-electrical model that describes the response of the cochlea to both external acoustic and internal electrical stimulation. If successful, this model will enhance our understanding of failure mechanisms in the cochlea, answering important questions as to the morphological elements of the cochlea that fail and why. This will improve noninvasive diagnosis of hearing as abnormalities in the response measures can be linked to specific pathologies. Further, as our model can predict the interaction of electrical and acoustic stimulus it will enable a prediction of the effect of a combined acoustic-electric prosthesis (such as would be used in schemes where some residual hearing is still present). Finally, a mathematical model of the cochlear response to sound over the entire spectrum will help us to understand how important classes of signals are processed in the cochlea (such as speech and music) which can lead to better speech processing algorithms or cochlear implant electrical stimulation paradigms.

描述（由申请人提供）：流体流动刺激耳蜗内毛细胞（IHC）的毛束（HB），打开 IHC 的机电换能器（MET）通道。由此产生的电流使细胞体去极化，诱导神经递质释放，并最终刺激听觉神经。耳蜗的主动机制由外毛细胞 (OHC) 的运动驱动，既调节 IHC HB 的微流体激发，又提供非线性压缩。然而，OHC 体细胞和 HB 运动对耳蜗中最终流体强迫的相对影响尚未最终确定，激发 IHC HB 的微流体流动也尚未确定。这笔赠款的具体目的是通过开发盖下空间中流动的微流体表示并将这些模型与耳蜗的宏观模型耦合来开发 IHC HB 刺激模型。在具体目标 2 中，我们试图确定主动 OHC 力对 Corti 器官和流体力对 IHC HB 的音位依赖性和综合影响。这项研究的总体目标是开发一个完整的流体-机械-电模型，描述耳蜗对外部声刺激和内部电刺激的反应。如果成功，该模型将增强我们对耳蜗失效机制的理解，回答有关耳蜗失效的形态要素及其原因的重要问题。这将改善听力的无创诊断，因为反应措施的异常可能与特定的病理学相关。此外，由于我们的模型可以预测电刺激和声刺激的相互作用，因此它将能够预测组合声电假肢的效果（例如 用于仍然存在一些残余听力的方案）。最后，耳蜗对整个频谱的声音响应的数学模型将帮助我们了解耳蜗中如何处理重要的信号类别（例如语音和音乐），这可以导致更好的语音处理算法或人工耳蜗电刺激范式。