Early Substance Use in Rural American Indian and White/Anglo Youth

美国农村印第安人和白人/盎格鲁青年的早期药物使用

• 批准号: 8718173
• 负责人: Lilly Shanahan
• 金额: $ 23.93万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8718173
• 关键词: 15 year old; Accounting; Achievement; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Age of Onset; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; American Indians; Antibodies; Basic Science; Biological; Brain; C-reactive protein; Child; Child Behavior; Childhood; Communities; Coupled; Crime; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Dependence; Development; Drug abuse; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Ethnic Origin; Event; Exposure to; Family history of; Female; Fetal Alcohol Exposure; Funding; Goals; Health; Human Herpesvirus 4; Individual; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Long-Term Effects; Longitudinal Studies; Low Birth Weight Infant; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Outcome; Parenting behavior; Pathway interactions; Perinatal; Physiological; Population; Poverty; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention Research; Puberty; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Rural; Sampling; Schools; Services; Sex Characteristics; Socioeconomic Status; Staging; Stress; Substance Use Disorder; Surgeon; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Tribes; Youth; addiction; adolescent substance use; design; developmental disease; deviant; environmental stressor; experience; high risk; innovation; insight; male; parental involvement; parental monitoring; peer; prenatal; prevent; programs; psychologic; psychosocial; public health relevance; resilience; response; social; tobacco exposure; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Early substance use (E-SU) is known to increase the risk of abuse, dependence, addiction, polydrug use, and other problematic outcomes in adulthood. Therefore, the U.S. Surgeon General's office has issued a call-to-action to stop underage use, especially in adolescents less than 15 years of age. This goal is especially compelling for American Indians, for some of whom lifetime burden from substance use is particularly high. In order to prevent E-SU effectively, however, we need firm evidence regarding the childhood environment that increases (or decreases) children's risk for E-SU. Yet very little is presently known about early environmental risks for E-SU specifically and in diverse samples, which constitutes a major gap in knowledge with substantial implications for prevention. The proposed research fills in this gap by applying a developmental life course model to longitudinal data spanning childhood to age 30. Specifically, we propose to examine developmental features of environmental risk, including distinctions of timing, duration, and co-occurrence with other risks; the earliest ages of onset; protective factors that could neutralize risk; and vulnerability factors that could exacerbate the contributions of the risk environment to E-SU. Many studies are also not informative about sex differences in associations between risk and E-SU or co-occurring adolescent psychological, social, and biological transitions such as puberty. The proposed program of secondary data analyses tests a life-course developmental model of E-SU that examines whether youth with E-SU are characterized by distinct profiles of risk and protective factors compared to their peers. Because E-SU occurs during periods of major psychosocial and brain developments, our life-course model also tests whether E-SU itself contributes to poor adult outcomes, even when holding constant prior environmental risk and child behaviors. Data come from a large ongoing, community-representative, prospectively longitudinal, study, the Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS). The GSMS has assessed a wide array of risk factors, use of many different substances, additional psychiatric symptoms and disorders, and the developmental transitions from childhood to young adulthood on up to eleven occasions spanning ages 9 to 30, providing an unparalleled opportunity to study pathways to and from E-SU. The dataset also includes a sizable American Indian subsample, allowing us to test our life-course model of E-SU in this understudied population. The proposed analyses offer an unprecedented opportunity to generate new insights into risk, resilience, and outcomes for E-SU in rural American Indian and Anglo females and males. Results from the proposed research will have implications for both prevention and intervention research by identifying who is most at risk for early substance use, when, and why. Results will also have implications for basic research investigating associations between E-SU and long- term outcomes, because such associations can only be understood when the early risk environment of E-SU is well-characterized and taken into account.

描述（由申请人提供）：已知早期药物使用（E-SU）会增加滥用，依赖，成瘾，多药的使用和其他有问题的结果的风险。因此，美国外科医生办公室已发布了通话行动，以停止未成年人使用，尤其是在15岁以下的青少年中。对于美洲印第安人来说，这一目标尤其令人信服，因为其中一些人因使用物质而终生负担特别高。但是，为了有效地防止E-SU，我们需要关于增加（或降低）儿童E-SU风险的儿童环境的牢固证据。然而，目前对E-SU的早期环境风险和各种样本的早期环境风险知之甚少，这构成了知识的主要差距，对预防的影响很大。拟议的研究通过将发展生活课程模型应用于跨越儿童时期至30岁的纵向数据来填补这一差距。具体来说，我们建议研究环境风险的发展特征，包括时间安排，持续时间和与其他风险的共同存在的区别；最早的发病年龄；可以抵消风险的保护因素；和脆弱性 可能加剧风险环境对E-SU的贡献的因素。许多研究也没有关于风险与E-SU或同时发生的青少年心理，社会和生物学转变（例如青春期）的关联性差异的信息。拟议的二级数据分析计划测试了E-SU的生活课程发展模型，该模型研究了E-SU的青年是否具有与同龄人相比的风险和保护因素不同的特征。由于E-SU发生在重大的社会心理和大脑发展时期，因此我们的生命课程模型还测试了E-SU本身是否有助于成人贫困的结果，即使持有持续不断的先前环境风险和儿童行为。数据来自一项大型，社区代表性的，前瞻性的纵向研究，大烟山研究（GSMS）。 GSM已评估了各种各样的风险因素，使用许多不同的物质，其他精神病症状和疾病以及从童年到年轻人成年期的发展过渡，直到11岁，跨越9至30岁，提供了无与伦比的机会，可以从E and from e-SU中学习途径。该数据集还包括一个大量的美洲印第安人子样本，使我们能够在这个研究的人群中测试我们的E-SU生活模型。拟议的分析为在美洲印第安人和盎格鲁女性和男性中的E-SU提供了新的见解，提供了前所未有的机会。拟议研究的结果将通过确定谁最有可能早期使用物质，何时以及原因的风险来对预防和干预研究产生影响。结果还将对E-SU和长期结果之间的基础研究研究有影响，因为只有当E-SU的早期风险环境被充分考虑并考虑到这些关联时，才能理解此类关联。