Brain Imaging Studies of Negative Reinforcement in Humans

人类负强化的脑成像研究

基本信息

批准号：
8515375
负责人：
KEVIN S LABAR
金额：
$ 35.95万
依托单位：
DUKE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-09-01 至 2015-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8515375
关键词：
3-Dimensional Adopted Affective Animal Model Animals Anxiety Arousal Association Learning Avoidance Learning Behavior Behavioral Behavioral inhibition Brain Brain imaging Clinical Trials Clip Computer Graphics Corpus striatum structure Crying Development Drug Addiction Drug usage Emerging Technologies Emotional Environment Exhibits Exploratory Behavior Floor Food Frequencies Fright Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Glass Goals Goggles Hand Head Hippocampus (Brain)Human Immersion Investigative Technique Incentives Individual Differences Investigation Laboratories Lead Learning Left Length Life Link Literature Location Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maintenance Maps Measures Mediating Memory Methods Modeling Monitor Moods Movement Negative Reinforcements Neurobiology Operant Conditioning Outcome Participant Performance Pharmaceutical Preparations Population Positive Reinforcer Process Property Psychological reinforcement Psychophysiology Public Health Relapse Relative (related person)Research Retrieval Rewards Series Shock Side Simulate Specific qualifier value Stimulus Stress System Task Performances Technology Time Training Translating Update Water avoidance behavior base cognitive neuroscience drug addict environmental stressor experience indexing innovation long term memory memory process movie multisensory negative mood neural circuit neurobehavioral neuroimaging novel pleasure reinforcer relating to nervous system repaired research study response simulation stereoscopic stressor trait virtual virtual reality

项目摘要

A major challenge to treating drug addiction is understanding how learned associations to aversive reinforcers promote avoidant behavior and trigger the onset and relapse of drug use. Studies in non-human animals have begun to elucidate the neurobehavioral mechanisms of avoidance learning, but there have been few efforts to translate these findings to human populations. Neuroplastic brain mechanisms that support long-term memory formation are hypothesized to alter the representations of stimuli and strengthen contextual associations as a function of their incentive properties. The proposed research adopts a cognitive neuroscience perspective to characterize how motivational brain systems modulate declarative memory formation in humans and lead to behavioral avoidance. Although human declarative memory is traditionally probed using list- learning paradigms, recent advances in computer graphics interfaces and immersive virtual reality (VR) technology permit the development of novel navigational avoidance tasks that provide a tighter link with the animal literature and more closely model real-world avoidant behaviors exhibited by drug addicts in response to environmental stressors. Healthy participants will undergo a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that present reinforcing stimuli within the context of both traditional list-learning and novel VR-based navigational learning and memory tasks. The first series of experiments compares the influence of appetitive versus aversive instrumental reinforcers on declarative memory systems. The second series of experiments determines how negative mood states amplify the mnemonic effects of the incentive properties of instrumental reinforcers and motivate reward-seeking ("relief") as a form of mood repair. The third series of experiments develops a multisensory, immersive VR paradigm that simulates stress-induced avoidance and escape on a naturalistic memory task that combines navigational and list-learning approaches. Functional connectivity modeling, in combination with multiple regression and independent components analyses, will characterize the interactions of motivational and memory systems and their relationship to individual differences in behavioral performance indices and trait markers of avoidance. The proposed studies thus represent a systematic and innovative approach to human avoidance learning that combines cutting-edge VR technology and functional neuroimaging methods. The research findings will bridge a translational gap in understanding how positive reinforcers, mood states, and stressors modify the impact of aversive behavioral consequences on learning and memory systems that help establish internal maps of salient features of the environment.

治疗毒瘾的一个主要挑战是了解如何习得与厌恶强化物的关联促进回避行为并引发吸毒的发作和复发。对非人类动物的研究开始阐明回避学习的神经行为机制，但很少有人做出努力将这些发现转化为人类。支持长期的神经可塑性大脑机制假设记忆形成可以改变刺激的表征并加强情境协会作为其激励属性的函数。拟议的研究采用认知神经科学描述动机性大脑系统如何调节人类陈述性记忆形成的观点并导致行为回避。尽管人类的陈述性记忆传统上是使用列表来探测的学习范式、计算机图形界面和沉浸式虚拟现实 (VR) 的最新进展技术允许开发新颖的导航回避任务，从而提供与动物文献更接近地模拟了现实世界中吸毒者所表现出的回避行为环境压力源。健康的参与者将接受一系列功能性磁共振检查在传统列表学习和新颖的背景下呈现强化刺激的成像研究基于 VR 的导航学习和记忆任务。第一个系列的实验比较了陈述性记忆系统中的食欲与厌恶性工具强化物。第二个系列实验确定了消极情绪状态如何放大激励属性的助记效果工具性强化物并激发寻求奖励（“缓解”）作为情绪修复的一种形式。第三个系列实验开发了一种多感官、沉浸式 VR 范式，可以模拟压力引起的回避和逃避结合了导航和列表学习方法的自然记忆任务。功能性连通性建模与多元回归和独立成分分析相结合，将描述动机和记忆系统的相互作用及其与个体的关系行为表现指数和回避特征标记的差异。因此拟议的研究代表了一种系统的、创新的人类回避学习方法，结合了尖端的 VR 技术和功能神经影像方法。研究结果将弥合转化差距了解积极的强化物、情绪状态和压力源如何改变厌恶行为的影响对学习和记忆系统的影响，有助于建立显着特征的内部图谱环境。