CRCNS: Path Intergration by the Grid Cell Network

CRCNS：网格单元网络的路径整合

基本信息

批准号：
8660321
负责人：
HUGH T BLAIR
金额：
$ 45.5万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2006-09-15 至 2016-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8660321
关键词：
Agreement Alcoholism Alzheimer&apos s Disease Amnesia Anterior Anxiety Disorders Area Award Biological Neural Networks Brain Brain Diseases Brain region Cells Cerebral cortex Chronic Code Computer Simulation Confusion Dementia Diagnosis Disease Disorientation Dissociation Dissociative Amnesias Encephalitis Endogenous depression Epilepsy Exhibits Fimbria of hippocampus Fire - disasters Frequencies Functional disorder Future Hippocampus (Brain)Human Laws Learning Lewy Body Dementia Location Maps Measures Memory Memory impairment Mental Depression Mental disorders Modeling Movement Multiple Sclerosis Nerve Degeneration Nervous system structure Neurons Parkinson Disease Pathway interactions Pattern Perception Phase Plant Roots Play Population Positioning Attribute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Process Property Rattus Reading Recurrence Research Retrieval Role Schizophrenia Signal Transduction Sleep Speed Structure Symptoms Syndrome Testing Textiles Thalamic structure Theoretical model Theta Rhythm Time Training Visit Work base central pattern generator effective therapy entorhinal cortex insight memory encoding memory process network models neurophysiology new therapeutic target novel post-traumatic stress postsynaptic prevent relating to nervous system research study simulation theories

Agreement Alcoholism Alzheimer&apos s Disease Amnesia Anterior Anxiety Disorders Area Award Biological Neural Networks Brain Brain Diseases Brain region Cells Cerebral cortex Chronic Code Computer Simulation Confusion Dementia Diagnosis Disease Disorientation Dissociation Dissociative Amnesias Encephalitis Endogenous depression Epilepsy Exhibits Fimbria of hippocampus Fire - disasters Frequencies Functional disorder Future Hippocampus (Brain)Human Laws Learning Lewy Body Dementia Location Maps Measures Memory Memory impairment Mental Depression Mental disorders Modeling Movement Multiple Sclerosis Nerve Degeneration Nervous system structure Neurons Parkinson Disease Pathway interactions Pattern Perception Phase Plant Roots Play Population Positioning Attribute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Process Property Rattus Reading Recurrence Research Retrieval Role Schizophrenia Signal Transduction Sleep Speed Structure Symptoms Syndrome Testing Textiles Thalamic structure Theoretical model Theta Rhythm Time Training Visit Work base central pattern generator effective therapy entorhinal cortex insight memory encoding memory process network models neurophysiology new therapeutic target novel post-traumatic stress postsynaptic prevent relating to nervous system research study simulation theories

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项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): For as long as it has been possible to measure electrical activity in the nervous system, it has been known that the brain produces oscillatory rhythms. Some rhythms are generated during sleep, others during waking; certain patterns of oscillatory brain activity occur in all healthy people, while other patterns only occur in disease states such as epilepsy, clinical depression, or schizophrenia. Many different brain rhythms have been identified and characterized, and yet almost nothing is known about their function. We know that the brain oscillates, but we do not know why. Over the past few years, discoveries have been made that provide tantalizing new clues for answering this question, by suggesting that neural oscillations are very much like "threads" that the brain weaves together to create the "fabric" of memory and perception. In rats, one particular kind of oscillation referred to as "theta rhythm" is very predominant in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, brain areas that play a critical role in learning and memory. It is becoming increasingly clear that theta oscillations (in the frequency band of 4-12 Hz) are building blocks from which the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex can construct memory representations. The studies proposed here will combine neurophysiological recording experiments with computational modeling studies to investigate how the rat brain uses theta oscillations to form memories of familiar locations in space. Neurons called "place cells" and "grid cells" become active whenever a rat visits certain familiar locations, and these neurons are strongly synchronized by theta oscillations. Proposed computational modeling studies will investigate how place cells and grid cells use theta oscillations to encode spatial memories, and will seek to decipher the structure of the biological neural networks that perform this task. Proposed neurophysiology studies will attempt to show for the first time that neural oscillators in subcortical regions store memory representations using a "phase code," and will examine how the cerebral cortex interacts with subcortical oscillators to read out these memory representations. Pharmacological inactivation studies will be conducted to demonstrate how memory processing breaks down when neural oscillators are disrupted, which may help to explain the causes of memory impairment in humans who suffer from amnesic syndrome in conjunction with disorders like Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress. By elucidating how memories are formed from theta oscillations in spatial memory circuits, the research proposed here will provide groundbreaking new insights into the fundamental role that neural oscillations play in normal memory processes. This work may in the future make it possible to diagnose and treat brain diseases and mental disorders that currently are not well understood, but which may prove to have roots in dysfunction of the neural oscillators that provide the basic building blocks for memory and perception.

描述（由申请人提供）：只要可以测量神经系统中的电活动，就已经知道大脑会产生振荡性节奏。在睡眠期间产生了一些节奏，另一些则在醒来时产生。振荡性脑活动的某些模式发生在所有健康的人中，而其他模式仅发生在癫痫，临床抑郁症或精神分裂症等疾病状态中。已经确定和表征了许多不同的大脑节奏，但几乎一无所知。我们知道大脑在振荡，但我们不知道为什么。在过去的几年中，已经发现了通过暗示神经振荡非常类似于“线程”的发现，为回答这个问题提供了诱人的新线索，使大脑编织在一起以创建记忆和感知的“结构”。在大鼠中，一种被称为“ theta节奏”的特殊振荡在海马和肠道皮质中非常主要是主导，这在学习和记忆中起着至关重要的作用。越来越清楚的是，theta振荡（在4-12 Hz的频带中）是海马和内嗅皮层可以构造内存表示的基础。这里提出的研究将将神经生理记录实验与计算建模研究相结合，以研究大鼠大脑如何使用theta振荡来形成空间中熟悉位置的记忆。每当大鼠访问某些熟悉的位置时，称为“位置细胞”和“网格细胞”的神经元变得活跃，并且这些神经元通过theta振荡强烈同步。拟议的计算建模研究将研究位置细胞和网格细胞如何使用theta振荡编码空间记忆，并将寻求破译执行此任务的生物神经网络的结构。拟议的神经生理学研究将尝试首次证明皮层下区域中的神经振荡器使用“相位代码”存储记忆表示，并将研究大脑皮质如何与皮层振荡器相互作用，以读取这些记忆表示。将进行药理学灭活研究，以证明当神经振荡器被中断时，记忆过程如何分解，这可能有助于解释患有失忆综合征的人类记忆障碍的原因，并结合了诸如阿尔茨赫氏病，精神分裂症，抑郁症，焦虑症，焦虑症，抑郁症，焦虑症和后压力，以及诸如阿尔茨海默氏病的疾病。通过阐明在空间记忆电路中由Theta振荡形成的记忆，此处提出的研究将为神经振荡在正常记忆过程中所起的基本作用提供开创性的新见解。这项工作将来可能使诊断和治疗目前尚不清楚的脑部疾病和精神疾病成为可能，但可能证明这根源在神经振荡器的功能障碍中，这些神经振荡器为记忆和感知提供了基本的基础。