Drugs of abuse and the epigenetic and signaling pathways controlling HIV latency

滥用药物以及控制 HIV 潜伏期的表观遗传和信号通路

• 批准号: 8683139
• 负责人: HARRIS GOLDSTEIN
• 金额: $ 71.83万
• 依托单位: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2018-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8683139
• 关键词: AIDS Dementia Complex; Address; Agonist; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-inflammatory; Antiviral Agents; Behavioral; Bexarotene; Binding; Brain; Cell model; Cell physiology; Cells; Cellular biology; Chemicals; Clinic; Clinical Management; Coculture Techniques; Cognitive; Communication; Consumption; Development; Disease; Disease Progression; Dopamine Receptor; Drug abuse; Epigenetic Process; Evaluation; Exposure to; FDA approved; Functional disorder; Ganciclovir; Genetic Transcription; Goals; HIV; HIV Envelope Protein gp120; HIV Infections; HIV Long Terminal Repeat; Human; ITGAM gene; Immune system; Individual; Inflammatory; Investigation; Laboratories; Libraries; Ligands; Measurement; Measures; Methamphetamine; Microglia; Minor; Modeling; Molecular; Mus; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nerve Degeneration; Nervous System Trauma; Neuraxis; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Nuclear Receptors; Pathogenesis; Pathway interactions; Patients; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenotype; Pioglitazone; Population; Proviruses; RXR; Reaction; Recruitment Activity; Regulatory Pathway; Role; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; System; Testing; Transgenic Mice; Transgenic Model; Viral Proteins; base; chromatin immunoprecipitation; drug of abuse; improved; in vivo; monocyte; motor disorder; mouse model; multidisciplinary; nervous system disorder; neurotoxic; neurotoxicity; novel; novel therapeutics; public health relevance; receptor; research study; small hairpin RNA

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One in three HIV-infected individuals develops some form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Consumption of drugs of abuse such as methamphetamine (METH) aggravates the symptoms of HAND, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these drugs impact HIV disease progression in the central nervous system (CNS) remain ill-defined. In this study will test the hypothesis that HAND arises from the intermittent reactivation of latently infected microglial cells leading to the expression f the neurotoxic viral proteins, Tat and gp120. Specifically, we will identify the specific contributon of specific molecular networks of glial cells that are involved in the control of HIV latency and te acquisition of an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Our recent unbiased human shRNA library screen for factors that are required to maintain HIV latency in CHME-5/HIV cells showed that HIV silencing in microglila cells can be induced by the ligand- activated nuclear receptors (LA-NR) PPAR, RAR and RXR. Chemical screens of PPAR, RAR and RXR agonists and antagonists confirmed that these receptors have a critical regulatory role in controlling HIV latency in microglial cells and that receptor agonists are potent blockers of HIV reactivation. In this study we will study the molecular basis for LA-NR control of HIV transcription in microglial cells and how this regulatory pathway is modified by METH. Using novel co-culture systems between latently infected microglial cells and neurons we will study the impact METH on the induction of latent HIV proviruses and their subsequent neurotoxicity. We will also use this system to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of PPAR, RAR and RXR agonists, consistent with the recent demonstration that the RXR agonist bexarotene or the PPAR agonist pioglitazone are neuroprotective in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Finally we will evaluate the role of the ligand nuclear receptor pathway on HIV induced neurodegeneration using a novel double transgenic mouse model, JR-CSF/hu-CycT1 mice, that permits HIV replication in mouse cells and allows study of how HIV infection induces brain dysfunction. We also plan to develop a novel model for HIV-induced neurodegeneration using latently infected mouse monocytes to repopulate the brains of CD11b-HSVTK transgenic mice where microglial cells have been depleted. The multidisciplinary experiments described in this application represent a comprehensive evaluation of the molecular basis for HIV latency in microglial cells in the brain, the impact of METH on HIV latency and neurodegeneration, and extensive evaluations of the potential of nuclear receptor agonists as neuroprotective agents. We believe that the systematic studies we have proposed here will set the stage for improved clinical management of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) and minor cognitive motor disorder (MCMD) in our patients who abuse drugs.

描述（由申请人提供）：三分之一的 HIV 感染者会出现某种形式的 HIV 相关神经认知障碍 (HAND)。服用甲基苯丙胺 (METH) 等滥用药物会加重 HAND 症状，但这些药物影响中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中 HIV 疾病进展的细胞和分子机制仍不明确。在这项研究中，我们将检验以下假设：HAND 是由潜伏感染的小胶质细胞间歇性重新激活导致神经毒性病毒蛋白 Tat 和 gp120 表达而引起的。具体来说，我们将确定神经胶质细胞特定分子网络的具体贡献，这些神经胶质细胞参与控制 HIV 潜伏期和获得抗炎 M2 表型。我们最近对 CHME-5/HIV 细胞中维持 HIV 潜伏期所需的因素进行无偏见的人类 shRNA 文库筛选，结果表明小胶质细胞中的 HIV 沉默可以由配体激活核受体 (LA-NR) PPAR、RAR 和 RXR 诱导。 PPAR、RAR 和 RXR 激动剂和拮抗剂的化学筛选证实，这些受体在控制小胶质细胞中的 HIV 潜伏期方面具有关键的调节作用，并且受体激动剂是 HIV 再激活的有效阻断剂。在这项研究中，我们将研究 LA-NR 在小胶质细胞中控制 HIV 转录的分子基础，以及 METH 如何修改这一调节途径。利用潜伏感染的小胶质细胞和神经元之间的新型共培养系统，我们将研究冰毒对潜伏 HIV 原病毒诱导及其随后的神经毒性的影响。我们还将使用该系统来评估 PPAR、RAR 和 RXR 激动剂的神经保护作用，这与最近的研究结果一致，即 RXR 激动剂贝沙罗汀或 PPAR 激动剂吡格列酮对阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型具有神经保护作用。最后，我们将使用新型双转基因小鼠模型 JR-CSF/hu-CycT1 小鼠评估配体核受体途径对 HIV 诱导的神经变性的作用，该模型允许 HIV 在小鼠细胞中复制，并允许研究 HIV 感染如何诱导脑功能障碍。我们还计划开发一种新的 HIV 诱导的神经变性模型，使用潜伏感染的小鼠单核细胞来重新填充小胶质细胞已耗尽的 CD11b-HSVTK 转基因小鼠的大脑。本申请中描述的多学科实验代表了对大脑小胶质细胞中 HIV 潜伏期的分子基础、冰毒对 HIV 潜伏期和神经变性的影响的全面评估，以及对核受体激动剂作为神经保护剂潜力的广泛评估。我们相信，我们在此提出的系统研究将为改善滥用药物患者的 HIV 相关痴呆 (HAD) 和轻微认知运动障碍 (MCMD) 的临床管理奠定基础。