Sleep duration required to restore performance during chronic sleep restriction

长期睡眠限制期间恢复表现所需的睡眠时间

• 批准号: 8295163
• 负责人: Elizabeth B. Klerman
• 金额: $ 77.68万
• 依托单位: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8295163
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Acute; Address; Affect; American; Behavior Therapy; Biological; Biological Clocks; Brain; Chronic; Circadian Rhythms; Cognitive; Control Groups; Data; Deterioration; Effectiveness; Fatigue; Homeostasis; Hormones; Hour; Human; Individual; Industrial Accidents; Intervention; Length; Life; Measures; Metabolism; Moods; Participant; Patients; Performance; Phase; Physiological; Process; Protocols documentation; Public Health Education; Recovery; Regulation; Research; Research Methodology; Schedule; Sleep; Sleep Disorders; Sleep Wake Cycle; Stimulus; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Variant; Vehicle crash; Wakefulness; Work; adverse outcome; alertness; awake; cognitive recovery; cost; design; experience; immune function; millisecond; neurobehavioral; public health relevance; research study; response; shift work

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Millions of Americans routinely sleep less than six hours per night, an amount shown to be insufficient for maintaining healthy physiologic function, with documented abnormalities in metabolism, immune function, hormones, mood and performance/alertness. The cumulative cost of chronic sleep deficiency predisposes an individual to attentional lapses, errors, and accidents. The effect of sleep deficiency on performance is pronounced during the biological (circadian) night, particularly when circadian rhythms are not synchronized to the sleep-wake schedule, as may occur in the 15 percent of Americans who are involved in shift work. We recently demonstrated that sleep restriction affects at least two different regulatory processes in the brain that act on different time scales o affect performance. A short-term process builds over hours and can be rapidly recovered within one long sleep episode. A long-term process builds over days-to-weeks of restricted sleep and has a longer time course of recovery. Key unknown information, however, for determining appropriate counter-measures or public health education, is how the finite durations of recent sleep and wake episodes and the overall sleep:wake ratio affect the short-term and long-term consequences of sleep deficiency. The results of the proposed work will allow us to determine the dynamics of the short- and long-term consequences of chronic sleep restriction (CSR) and how they combine with circadian timing to determine performance at any given time. Participants will live on a recurring 20-hr sleep+wake schedule for three weeks to uncouple the sleep-wake cycles from the intrinsic near-24 hour rhythm of alertness and performance. The CSR group will experience the equivalent of 5.6 hrs sleep per 24 hrs (1:3.3 sleep:wake ratio) while a control group will experience a standard "habitual" 1:2 sleep:wake ratio. These data will be statistically compared with already collected data from experiments in the same facility with CSR (1:3.3 sleep:wake) and standard (1:2 sleep:wake) sleep:wake ratios but different absolute sleep and wake durations under 28-hour and 42.85-hr sleep+wake cycle durations. Full understanding of sleep homeostasis requires experimental manipulation of both sleep:wake ratio and durations of sleep and wake, as well as the interaction with circadian phase. There is immediate public health relevance to this work. The proposed research will contribute to the understanding of the short-term and long-term consequences of sleep deficiency on performance and how these effects of sleep deficiency are influenced by the natural ~24-hour rhythm of the internal body clock. It is important to understand how sleep restriction and circadian timing interact to determine performance so that (i) work shift regulations can be developed to minimize the chances for fatigue-related industrial accidents and motor vehicle crashes and (ii) individuals can responsibly plan their sleep. This work will also advance research methods that can be used to test the effectiveness of wake-promoting therapeutics and other interventions on these two distinct processes involved in sleep-wake regulation. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Millions of Americans routinely sleep less than six hours per night, an amount shown to be insufficient for healthy function of numerous physiologic systems, including metabolism, immune function, and performance/alertness. This proposal will allow us to determine the dynamics of the short and long-term consequences of sleep deficiency and how they combine with circadian timing to affect performance at any given time.

描述（由申请人提供）：数以百万计的美国人每晚的睡眠时间通常少于六个小时，这一睡眠量不足以维持健康的生理功能，并且有记录表明新陈代谢、免疫功能、激素、情绪和表现/警觉性存在异常。长期睡眠不足的累积成本使人容易出现注意力不集中、错误和事故。睡眠不足对工作表现的影响在生物（昼夜节律）夜间非常明显，特别是当昼夜节律与睡眠-觉醒时间表不同步时，这种情况可能发生在 15% 轮班工作的美国人身上。我们最近证明，睡眠限制会影响大脑中至少两种不同的调节过程，这些过程在不同的时间尺度上发挥作用，从而影响表现。短期过程需要数小时才能形成，并且可以在一次长时间的睡眠中迅速恢复。这是一个长期的过程，需要数天至数周的睡眠限制，并且需要更长的恢复时间。然而，为了确定适当的对策或公共卫生教育，关键的未知信息是近期睡眠和觉醒事件的有限持续时间以及总体睡眠与觉醒比率如何影响睡眠不足的短期和长期后果。拟议工作的结果将使我们能够确定慢性睡眠限制（CSR）的短期和长期后果的动态，以及它们如何与昼夜节律结合起来以确定任何给定时间的表现。参与者将按照 20 小时睡眠+觉醒的规律生活三周，以将睡眠-觉醒周期与内在的近 24 小时的警觉性和表现节奏分开。 CSR 组将经历相当于每 24 小时 5.6 小时的睡眠（睡眠：觉醒比率为 1:3.3），而对照组将经历标准的“习惯性”1:2 睡眠：觉醒比率。这些数据将与在同一设施中使用 CSR（1:3.3 睡眠：觉醒）和标准（1:2 睡眠：觉醒）睡眠：觉醒比率但不同的绝对睡眠和觉醒持续时间低于 28 的实验中已收集的数据进行统计比较。小时和 42.85 小时睡眠+觉醒周期持续时间。充分了解睡眠稳态需要对睡眠：觉醒比率、睡眠和觉醒持续时间以及与昼夜节律阶段的相互作用进行实验操作。这项工作与公共卫生直接相关。拟议的研究将有助于了解睡眠不足对表现的短期和长期影响，以及睡眠不足的这些影响如何受到体内生物钟自然 24 小时节律的影响。重要的是要了解睡眠限制和昼夜节律如何相互作用来确定表现，以便 (i) 制定轮班规定，最大限度地减少与疲劳相关的工业事故和机动车辆事故的可能性，以及 (ii) 个人可以负责任地计划自己的睡眠。这项工作还将推进研究方法，可用于测试促醒疗法和其他干预措施对涉及睡眠-觉醒调节的这两个不同过程的有效性。 公共卫生相关性：数以百万计的美国人每晚的睡眠时间通常少于六个小时，这一睡眠时间不足以维持许多生理系统的健康功能，包括新陈代谢、免疫功能和表现/警觉性。该提案将使我们能够确定睡眠不足的短期和长期后果的动态，以及它们如何与昼夜节律结合起来影响任何特定时间的表现。