Marcellus shale development, respiratory & reproductive outcomes in Pennsylvania

马塞勒斯页岩开发，呼吸

基本信息

批准号：
8622523
负责人：
BRIAN Seth SCHWARTZ
金额：
$ 23.17万
依托单位：
GEISINGER CLINIC
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-12-18 至 2015-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8622523
关键词：
Accounting Acid Rain Address Affect Air Pollutants Air Pollution Area Asthma Back Birth Burn injury Clinical Clinical Data Coal Cohort Analysis County Data Data Sources Deposition Development Diagnosis Diesel Exhaust Distant Economic Development Electronic Health Record Environmental Health Epidemiologic Studies Evaluation Event Excision Exposure to Force of Gravity Fossil Fuels Fracture Funding Mechanisms Gases Geographic Information Systems Growth Health Health Personnel Health Planning Health system Healthcare Home environment Individual Industry Island Joints Laboratory Procedures Life Link Liquid substance Location Low Birth Weight Infant Marketing Measures Mercury Metric Modeling Mothers Natural Gas Nuclear Oils Outcome Outcome Measure Pathway interactions Patients Pattern Pennsylvania Petroleum Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Policy Maker Pollution Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome Prenatal care Prevalence Primary Health Care Process Production Public Health Pump Recording of previous events Reporting Research Research Infrastructure Resource Development Risk Services Source Speed Surface Technology Testing Time Water Water Pollutants Work base case control density experience exposed human population greenhouse gases ground water indexing innovation operation pollutant population health public health relevance reproductive residence respiratory soil pollution spatial temporal variation volatile organic compound

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract The history of economic development is intimately linked to growth in the use of energy, largely in the form of fossil fuels, with resultant environmental and public health impacts. Many of these impacts have not been evaluated until decades after the damage has been done. Natural gas has been promoted as a cleaner burning fossil fuel with less greenhouse gas emissions. Advances in drilling technologies and the use of hydraulic fracturing allow the exploitation of natural gas in deep deposits of shale. Many US shale regions have been aggressively developed in the last decade. As a result, environmental and health concerns have been expressed regarding surface water, ground water, soil pollution, and air pollution. The speed, magnitude and scale of these activities motivate health studies now, yet almost nothing has been done to address shale development and health. By examining health patterns in relation to location and timing of well activities, we can begin to determine whether there are identifiable health effects associated with any aspect of the industry. The Geisinger Health System is a large integrated health care provider and health plan that is a leader in health care innovation. It provides primary care services to over 400,000 patients in a primary market of over 35 counties in central and northeastern Pennsylvania. It has had an electronic health record (EHR) since 2001, allowing access to longitudinal data on clinical encounters with rich and detailed health information. Its primary market overlaps with the Marcellus region in Pennsylvania. We will build on years of joint experience between Geisinger and Johns Hopkins in using EHR data, clinical outcome measures, geographic information systems (GIS), and the use of secondary data sources for environmental assessment, to examine pregnancy and asthma outcomes in relation to Marcellus shale development. While isolating cause and effect linkages would require more detailed study, we can conduct an efficient and comprehensive evaluation of whether any potential pathways are related to adverse health outcomes. We will study approximately 30,000 Geisinger asthma patients and 22,000 births to mothers with Geisinger prenatal care during the study period 2006-13, proximal to and distant from areas of shale development, with events across the period prior to drilling, during well development, and during natural gas production. We will geocode patient addresses; use GIS and well completion and infrastructure data to derive indices of exposure at the home residence; and then determine whether exposure is associated with pregnancy and asthma outcomes. The proposed research draws on existing data on well development and health, a logical starting point to guide more focused studies of specific pollutant pathways. By evaluating health outcomes in relation to temporal and spatial aspects of well development, all of the many candidate agents and pathways resulting in human exposure are incorporated. Such a study can provide critical information to focus future research, guide policy makers, and ultimately help to protect the health of populations in the region.

项目概要/摘要经济发展的历史与能源使用的增长密切相关，主要表现为化石燃料，对环境和公共健康造成影响。其中许多影响尚未得到重视直到损害发生几十年后才进行评估。天然气被推广为更清洁的能源燃烧化石燃料，减少温室气体排放。钻井技术的进步和使用水力压裂可以在页岩深层开采天然气。美国许多页岩地区近十年来得到了积极发展。因此，环境和健康问题已成为人们关注的焦点。包括地表水、地下水、土壤污染和空气污染。速度、幅度和这些活动的规模现在激发了健康研究，但几乎没有采取任何措施来解决页岩问题发展和健康。通过检查与油井活动的位置和时间相关的健康模式，我们可以开始确定是否存在与该行业的任何方面相关的可识别的健康影响。 Geisinger Health System 是一家大型综合医疗保健提供商和健康计划，在以下领域处于领先地位：医疗保健创新。它为超过 400,000 名患者的初级市场提供初级保健服务宾夕法尼亚州中部和东北部的 35 个县。自 2001 年起就有电子健康记录 (EHR)，允许访问临床经历的纵向数据以及丰富而详细的健康信息。其主要市场与宾夕法尼亚州马塞勒斯地区重叠。我们将利用双方多年的联合经验盖辛格和约翰霍普金斯大学使用 EHR 数据、临床结果测量、地理信息系统（GIS），以及使用二手数据源进行环境评估，以检查怀孕和与 Marcellus 页岩开发相关的哮喘结果。虽然隔离因果关系会需要更详细的研究，我们才能对是否存在任何问题进行高效、全面的评估潜在的途径与不良健康结果有关。我们将研究大约 30,000 个 Geisinger 2006-13 年研究期间，哮喘患者和 22,000 名接受 Geisinger 产前护理的母亲分娩，靠近和远离页岩开发区域，在钻探之前、期间发生的事件油井开发和天然气生产过程中。我们将对患者地址进行地理编码；使用GIS并做好竣工和基础设施数据，以得出家庭住所的暴露指数；然后确定暴露是否与妊娠和哮喘结局相关。拟议的研究借鉴了关于良好发育和健康的现有数据，是指导对特定领域进行更有针对性的研究的逻辑起点污染物途径。通过评估与井的时间和空间方面相关的健康结果在开发过程中，所有导致人类暴露的候选药物和途径都被纳入其中。这样的研究可以提供关键信息，以集中未来的研究，指导政策制定者，并最终帮助以保护该地区人民的健康。