Neural mechanisms of color
颜色的神经机制
基本信息
- 批准号:8723230
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 15.06万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2013
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2013-09-01 至 2015-05-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AccountingAfterimageAnimalsAnteriorAppearanceAreaAutomobile DrivingBiologicalBiological ModelsBlindnessBrainBrain regionBypassCellsCerebral cortexCodeCognitionColorColor blindnessComplementComplexConeCoupledDataDiagnosisDiscriminationDiseaseEtiologyEyeFaceFrequenciesFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingHospitalsHumanHybridsImpaired cognitionInferiorKnowledgeLesionLinkLocationMacaca mulattaMeasuresMediatingMemoryMental disordersMicroelectrodesModelingMonkeysNatureNeuronsPatternPerceptionPopulationProbabilityProcessPropertyPsychometricsPsychophysicsRelative (related person)ResearchRoleSamplingSchemeSeriesShapesSignal TransductionStagingStereotypingStimulusStrokeTemporal LobeTestingTextureTimeTissuesVisionVisualVisual PerceptionVisual impairmentWeightWorkachromatopsiabasecolor categorycolor processingexperienceinterstitialmicrostimulationnervous system disorderneural circuitneuromechanismnovelpublic health relevancereceptive fieldrelating to nervous systemresearch studyresponsetreatment strategy
项目摘要
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The links between neural activity, perception and cognition are poorly understood. This proposal advances color as a model system to fill these gaps in knowledge. Color is an essential feature of visual experience, and much is known about how cone signals from the eye are encoded and transmitted to the cortex. But surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms that decode these signals to bring about perceived colors and guide perceptual decisions. Two competing decoding schemes have been proposed: an interval code, which requires a population of cells with sharp chromatic tuning that together encompass all color space, coupled with a winner- take-all rule; and a population code, which needs at minimum two groups of color-tuned neurons, coupled with a weighted-average rule. It is unclear which groups of neurons within the cerebral cortex are involved. One hint comes from lesions of inferior temporal cortex (IT) in rhesus monkeys, which cause profound color blindness similar to the achromatopsia that accompanies certain cerebral strokes in humans. IT is an expansive region of tissue implicated in many aspects of object coding, and the functional organization of IT is poorly understood. Without this information, it is almost impossible to know which neurons are the most likely to be contributing to color processing. Possible organizational schemes include a modular model comprising uniquely specialized areas; a distributed-processing model; or a hybrid model, consisting of a series of hierarchical stages, each comprising a full complement of functional subregions. Aim 1 calls for a battery of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments in alert monkey that will determine the distribution of color-coding regions in IT, their functional connectivity and relationship to other functionally defined regions
to test which model accounts for the organization of IT. Aim 2 outlines fMRI-guided microelectrode recordings of IT color regions paired with microstimulation while monkeys perform color tasks, to test the causal link between neural activity and perceived color, and to determine which of the two decoding schemes, interval or population, is implemented in IT. The research will uncover principles by which perception and cognition emerge from the activity of neural circuits. This information is required to understand the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illnesses and strokes that impair cognition and perception. Moreover, the work will establish the relationship of higher-order areas between humans and monkeys, which is necessary in order to use monkeys as models of human vision and disease.
描述(由申请人提供):神经活动,感知和认知之间的联系知之甚少。该建议将颜色作为模型系统发展,以填补这些知识的空白。颜色是视觉体验的基本特征,并且已经了解了如何将眼睛的锥体信号编码和传输到皮层。但令人惊讶的是,对解码这些信号的机制知之甚少,以实现感知的颜色和指导知觉决策。已经提出了两个相互竞争的解码方案:一个间隔代码,它需要具有尖锐色调的细胞群体,共同涵盖了所有色彩空间,并加上赢家的所有规则;人口代码至少需要两组颜色调整的神经元,并加权平均规则。目前尚不清楚涉及大脑皮层内哪些神经元。一个暗示来自恒河猴下颞皮层(IT)的病变,这会引起与人类某些脑触诊相似的深度色盲。它是一个庞大的组织区域,涉及对象编码的许多方面,其功能组织的理解很少。没有这些信息,几乎不可能知道哪些神经元最有可能导致色彩处理。可能的组织方案包括一个模块化模型,其中包括独特的专业领域;分布式加工模型;或一个由一系列分层阶段组成的混合模型,每个阶段都包含功能子区域的完整补体。 AIM 1要求在警报猴子中进行一系列功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)实验,该实验将确定其中颜色编码区域的分布,其功能连接性以及与其他功能定义区域的关系
测试哪种模型解释其组织的组织。 AIM 2概述了fMRI指导的IT颜色区域的微电极记录与微刺激配对,而猴子执行彩色任务,以测试神经活动和感知的颜色之间的因果关系,并确定两个解码方案中的哪个,间隔或种群,在它。这项研究将揭示从神经回路活动中出现感知和认知的原则。需要此信息来了解损害认知和感知的精神疾病和中风的病因,诊断和治疗。此外,这项工作将建立人类和猴子之间高阶区域的关系,这对于使用猴子作为人类视力和疾病的模型是必不可少的。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Bevil R Conway的其他文献
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