Neurophysiological Studies of Visual Perception in Schizophrenia

精神分裂症视觉感知的神经生理学研究

• 批准号: 8329115
• 负责人: KEVIN M SPENCER
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8329115
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Animals; Area; Binding; Biological Markers; Brain; Characteristics; Cognitive; Complement; Cues; Decision Making; Detection; Disease; Electroencephalogram; Evolution; Expectancy; Failure; Family; Frequencies; General Population; Goals; Health Care Costs; High Frequency Oscillation; Human; Impairment; Individual; Judgment; Lead; Link; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mentally Ill Persons; Mind; Modeling; Motion; Motor Cortex; Neurons; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Play; Process; Psyche structure; Psychotic Disorders; Reading; Reporting; Response to stimulus physiology; Role; Scalp structure; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Shapes; Societies; Staging; Stimulus; Sum; Symptoms; Thinking; Visual Perception; base; functional group; information processing; neural circuit; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; prevent; psychologic; relating to nervous system; response; therapy development; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to use measures of oscillatory activity in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) to examine the functional integrity of the neural circuitry underlying visual perception in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia has been conceptualized as a failure of the integration of cognitive and neural processes, and abnormalities in neural microcircuitry have been proposed as a basis for this disorder. There is growing evidence that oscillations in the upper frequency bands of the EEG, the beta ( : 13-30 Hz) and gamma ( : 30- 100 Hz) bands, mediate particular functions involved in visual perception. We hypothesize that abnormalities of and oscillations may reflect particular neural microcircuit abnormalities involved in schizophrenia. The proposed studies will build upon the previous project period in which we examined the relationships between response-locked oscillations (RLOs), perceptual feature-binding, and schizophrenia symptomatology. In the next project period we propose to use a unified approach to study oscillation abnormalities in schizophrenia: perceptual decision making. This approach involves tracking the evolution of a simple perceptual decision from stimulus to response stages of processing. Studies in animals and humans support a basic model in which stimulus encoding in sensory areas is read-out by multimodal association areas in which perceptual evidence accumulates and decisions are formed. Decision information is then transmitted to motor cortex and a response is made. Oscillation studies suggest that and oscillations may play distinct roles, with oscillations reflecting local computations of sensory and response processes, and oscillations involved in attentional control and maintaining stimulus-response mappings underlying the perceptual decision. Therefore, the perceptual decision making approach will allow us to identify abnormalities in particular aspects of information processing in SZ and relate these abnormalities to the patients' symptomatology. We hypothesize that: 1) SZ have independent deficits in sensory encoding, evidence accumulation, and response selection processes; 2) psychotic symptoms, such as disorganization and thought disorder, are closely related to dysfunctional evidence accumulation processes; and 3) top-down control deficits contribute to evidence accumulation impairments and psychotic symptom relationships. Our specific aims are to: 1) Dissociate feature binding from perceptual decision processes. Our standard Kanisza shape perception task will be modified to support 2 different judgments: shape presence/absence, and distinguishing between inducer attributes. We predict that perception-independent decisional processes will be abnormal and correlated with positive symptoms in SZ. 2) Examine which phases of perceptual decision making (sensory encoding, evidence accumulation, and response selection) are abnormal in SZ, using a coherent motion detection task. We predict that while all three phases will be impaired in SZ, these impairments will be independent of each other. A measure of evidence accumulation will be positively correlated with psychotic symptoms. 3) Examine the role of top-down processes in SZ abnormalities in perceptual decision making by manipulating subjects' expectancies about the stimuli in the coherent motion detection task using cues. We predict that top-down processes will interact with both sensory and decisional processes, and will influence the relationships between decisional processes and psychotic symptoms in SZ. We hope that the results of these studies will lead to a deeper understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, enabling the identification of biomarkers for treatment development. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the general population and has profound negative consequences for the personal, psychological, and fiscal well being of patients, their families, and society as a whole. This disorder characterizes a major group of patients in the VHA, where the chronically mentally ill (primarily patients with schizophrenia) account for a large proportion of VA mental healthcare costs. To treat and ultimately prevent schizophrenia, we must understand how the mind and brain are interrelated. This project seeks to further this goal by studying how brainwave synchronization is related to perception and thinking in people who are healthy, and in people who have schizophrenia.

描述（由申请人提供）： 我们建议使用头皮记录的脑电图（EEG）中的振荡活动测量来检查精神分裂症视觉感知神经回路的功能完整性。精神分裂症被概念化为认知和神经过程整合的失败，并且神经微电路异常被认为是这种疾病的基础。越来越多的证据表明，脑电图高频段、β（13-30 Hz）和伽马（30-100 Hz）频段的振荡可以调节与视觉感知有关的特定功能。我们假设 和振荡的异常可能反映了精神分裂症涉及的特定神经微电路异常。 拟议的研究将建立在之前的项目期间，我们在之前的项目期间检查了反应锁定振荡（RLO）、知觉特征绑定和精神分裂症症状之间的关系。在下一个项目期间，我们建议使用统一的方法来研究精神分裂症的振荡异常：知觉决策。这种方法涉及跟踪简单感知决策从刺激到反应处理阶段的演变。对动物和人类的研究支持一个基本模型，其中感觉区域的刺激编码由多模式关联区域读出，在多模式关联区域中积累感知证据并形成决策。然后决策信息被传输到运动皮层并做出反应。振荡研究表明，振荡可能发挥不同的作用，振荡反映了感觉和反应过程的局部计算，振荡涉及注意力控制和维持感知决策背后的刺激-反应映射。因此，感知决策方法将使我们能够识别 SZ 信息处理特定方面的异常情况，并将其联系起来。 这些异常与患者的症状有关。我们假设：1）SZ 在感觉编码、证据积累和反应选择过程中存在独立缺陷； 2）精神症状，如组织混乱和思维障碍，与证据积累过程功能失调密切相关； 3）自上而下的控制缺陷会导致证据积累障碍和精神病症状关系。我们的具体目标是：1）将特征绑定与感知决策过程分离。我们的标准 Kanisza 形状感知任务将被修改以支持 2 种不同的判断：形状存在/不存在，以及区分诱导子属性。我们预测，独立于感知的决策过程将会异常，并与精神状态的阳性症状相关。 2) 使用相干运动检测任务检查 SZ 中感知决策的哪些阶段（感觉编码、证据积累和响应选择）异常。我们预测，虽然深圳的所有三个阶段都将受到损害，但这些损害将是相互独立的。证据积累的衡量标准将与精神病症状呈正相关。 3）通过使用线索操纵受试者对相干运动检测任务中刺激的期望，检查自上而下的过程在感知决策中 SZ 异常中的作用。 我们预测自上而下的过程将与感觉和决策过程相互作用，并将影响决策过程与精神症状之间的关系。 我们希望这些研究的结果将有助于更深入地了解精神分裂症的认知和神经机制，从而能够识别用于治疗开发的生物标志物。 公共卫生相关性： 精神分裂症影响着大约 1% 的总人口，对患者、其家庭和整个社会的个人、心理和财务健康产生深远的负面影响。这种疾病是 VHA 中主要患者群体的特征，其中慢性精神疾病患者（主要是精神分裂症患者）占很大比例 退伍军人管理局精神保健费用。为了治疗并最终预防精神分裂症，我们必须了解思想和大脑是如何相互关联的。该项目旨在通过研究脑电波同步与健康人和精神分裂症患者的感知和思维之间的关系来进一步实现这一目标。