NICOTINE WITHDRAWAL, SMOKING & COGNITION: AN FMRI STUDY

尼古丁戒断、吸烟

• 批准号: 8171136
• 负责人: Edythe Danick London
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8171136
• 关键词: Abstinence; Affect; Anterior; Attention; Back; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cessation of life; Cognition; Cognitive; Color; Complex; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Conflict (Psychology); Disease; Drug abuse; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Grant; Illicit Drugs; Institution; Magnetic Resonance; Measures; Mediating; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Nicotine Withdrawal; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Performance; Physiological; Prefrontal Cortex; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Satiation; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking History; Source; Stimulus; Task Performances; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Withdrawal; Work; cigarette smoking; cingulate cortex; cognitive control; cognitive function; hemodynamics; improved; neural circuit; non-smoker; response; social

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. More deaths each year are attributable to nicotine dependence than to all illicit drug abuse combined. The causes and mechanisms of this disorder include social, physiological and cognitive components. While it is doubtful that effects on cognition are the primary reason for cigarette smoking, self-reports of why people smoke indicate that these effects are significant contributors. The broad objective of this work is to elucidate the neural circuitry involved in the cognitive effects of smoking and withdrawal. We will test how the activity of prefrontal brain regions that mediate cognitive control differs in nicotine abstinence and satiety. Cognitive control refers to brain functions that guide voluntary, complex actions. We also will test how patterns of brain activity related to cognitive performance differ in smokers and nonsmokers. Our long-term objectives are to provide information on how nicotine and smoking affect brain circuitry important to cognitive functions, and how these functions may differ in smokers and nonsmokers (either as effects of smoking or as etiological factors in nicotine dependence). Prior and ongoing studies have indicated that abstinence from smoking, nicotine administration, and even a history of smoking can affect performance on tests of cognitive control. Brain imaging studies with these tasks show activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as well as other brain regions. One such task is the Stroop Color-Word Interference Task, which requires focused attention and response inhibition while conflicting stimuli are presented. Performance of this task reliably activates ACC. Another test of cognitive control that shows possible effects of smoking is the N-Back Task, which requires working memory and generally produces activation of DLPFC. We will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activation during performance of these two well-studied tasks. Our measure of regional activation in the brain will be change in magnetic resonance signal, representing relative hemodynamic change. We have two primary objectives. Our first specific aim is to determine the effects of smoking history and abstinence on brain function during performance of the N-Back Task and the Stroop Task. Smokers and nonsmokers will be tested with fMRI and cognitive activation. The smokers will be tested both in a state of satiety (after smoking ad libitum) as well as after 15-17 h of abstinence. Our second aim is to determine if smoking will reverse differences in brain activation and/or improve performance on the N-Back and Stroop tasks. Following each initial cognitive activation test session, both at satiety (after smoking ad libitum) and during abstinence, smokers will be allowed to smoke (ad libitum for 10 min) and will be re-tested. Nonsmokers, serving as controls, will be re-tested at corresponding times.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 每年因尼古丁依赖造成的死亡人数比所有非法药物滥用造成的死亡人数总和还要多。这种疾病的原因和机制包括社会、生理和认知因素。虽然对认知的影响是否是吸烟的主要原因值得怀疑，但人们吸烟原因的自我报告表明这些影响是重要的因素。这项工作的主要目标是阐明与吸烟和戒断认知影响有关的神经回路。我们将测试介导认知控制的前额叶大脑区域的活动在尼古丁戒断和饱腹感方面有何不同。认知控制是指指导自愿、复杂行为的大脑功能。我们还将测试吸烟者和非吸烟者与认知表现相关的大脑活动模式有何不同。我们的长期目标是提供有关尼古丁和吸烟如何影响对认知功能重要的大脑回路的信息，以及这些功能在吸烟者和非吸烟者中有何不同（作为吸烟的影响或作为尼古丁依赖的病因因素）。先前和正在进行的研究表明，戒烟、使用尼古丁甚至吸烟史都会影响认知控制测试的表现。针对这些任务的脑成像研究表明，背外侧前额叶皮层 (DLPFC) 和前扣带皮层 (ACC) 以及其他大脑区域均被激活。其中一项任务是斯特鲁普颜色词干扰任务，该任务需要在出现冲突刺激时集中注意力并抑制反应。执行此任务会可靠地激活 ACC。另一项显示吸烟可能影响的认知控制测试是 N-Back 任务，该任务需要工作记忆，并且通常会激活 DLPFC。我们将使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来测量执行这两项经过充分研究的任务期间的大脑激活。我们对大脑区域激活的测量将是磁共振信号的变化，代表相对的血流动力学变化。我们有两个主要目标。我们的第一个具体目标是确定吸烟史和戒烟对执行 N-Back 任务和 Stroop 任务期间大脑功能的影响。吸烟者和非吸烟者将接受功能磁共振成像和认知激活测试。吸烟者将在饱腹状态（随意吸烟后）以及戒烟 15-17 小时后进行测试。我们的第二个目标是确定吸烟是否会逆转大脑激活的差异和/或提高 N-Back 和 Stroop 任务的表现。在每次初始认知激活测试之后，无论是在饱腹感（随意吸烟后）还是在戒烟期间，吸烟者都将被允许吸烟（随意吸烟 10 分钟）并重新进行测试。作为对照的不吸烟者将在相应时间重新接受测试。