Determine high-resolution structure of membrane protein by single particle cryoEM

通过单颗粒冷冻电镜确定膜蛋白的高分辨率结构

• 批准号: 8513370
• 负责人: Yifan Cheng
• 金额: $ 29.82万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8513370
• 关键词: Antimalarials; Cell physiology; Chloroquine resistance; Complex; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Crystallization; Detection; Detergents; Development; Drug Targeting; Electrons; Environment; Exocytosis; Fab Immunoglobulins; Glutamates; Goals; Health; Homologous Gene; Human; Image; Immunoglobulin Fragments; Individual; Integral Membrane Protein; Libraries; Lipid A; Lipids; Membrane; Membrane Proteins; Methodology; Methods; Molecular Conformation; Monoclonal Antibodies; Negative Staining; Phage Display; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological Processes; Plasmodium falciparum; Play; Procedures; Process; Proteins; Recombinants; Resistance; Resolution; Role; Sampling; Science; Shapes; Structural Biologist; Structure; Synaptic Vesicles; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Virus; X-Ray Crystallography; base; data acquisition; human disease; improved; innovation; innovative technologies; nanodisk; neurotransmission; next generation; novel; novel strategies; particle; protein complex; protein expression; protein purification; protein structure; quinoline; reconstitution; structural biology; success; theories; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Membrane proteins play critical roles in many cellular processes. High-resolution structures of membrane proteins provide keys to understand the mechanism of their functions. However, it is particularly difficult and challenging to determine high-resolution structure of membrane protein. One of the critical barriers in X-ray crystallography, in addition to membrane protein expression and purification, is at the step of crystallization. In this proposal, we will develop an innovative technology based on single particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) to determine structure of membrane proteins to subnanometer or higher resolution. In this method, membrane proteins are kept in their native conformation within lipid environment without need to form crystals. Single particle cryoEM has become a versatile tool in studying structures of soluble protein complexes without need of a large amount of proteins and forming crystals. It has achieved atomic resolution in studying viruses with icosahedral symmetry and near atomic resolution of well-behaved large protein complexes without high symmetry. However, applying this method to determine membrane protein structures to similar resolution is not straightforward. It requires innovative approach to overcome many technical difficulties, such as how to image very small membrane proteins in cryoEM and how to computationally align very noisy images of membrane proteins accurately. We proposed a novel approach to overcome these difficulties and to enable high-resolution structure determination of membrane proteins by single particle cryoEM. To test our novel approach, we will determine structures of two important membrane proteins: a bacterial homologue of mammalian vesicular glutamate transport (VGLUTs) and a Chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT). The VGLUTs transport glutamate into synaptic vesicle for regulated release by exocytosis, thus play a fundamental role in excitatory neurotransmission. The PfCRT plays a critical role in Plasmodium falciparum resistance to the quinoline antimalarials. We aim to determine the structure of these two proteins to subnanometer resolution and eventually to near atomic resolution. We will also streamline our approach so that it can be applied to many other membrane proteins.

描述（由申请人提供）：膜蛋白在许多细胞过程中发挥着关键作用。膜蛋白的高分辨率结构为理解其功能机制提供了关键。然而，确定膜蛋白的高分辨率结构尤其困难且具有挑战性。除了膜蛋白表达和纯化之外，X 射线晶体学的关键障碍之一是结晶步骤。在本提案中，我们将开发一种基于单粒子电子冷冻显微镜（cryoEM）的创新技术，以亚纳米或更高分辨率确定膜蛋白的结构。在这种方法中，膜蛋白在脂质环境中保持其天然构象，而不需要形成晶体。单颗粒冷冻电镜已成为研究可溶性蛋白质复合物结构的通用工具，无需大量蛋白质和形成晶体。它在研究具有二十面体对称性的病毒方面实现了原子分辨率，在研究具有良好对称性的大型蛋白质复合物方面实现了近原子分辨率。然而，应用这种方法以类似的分辨率确定膜蛋白结构并不简单。它需要创新的方法来克服许多技术困难，例如如何在冷冻电镜中对非常小的膜蛋白进行成像以及如何通过计算准确地对齐膜蛋白的非常嘈杂的图像。我们提出了一种新方法来克服这些困难，并通过单颗粒冷冻电镜实现膜蛋白的高分辨率结构测定。为了测试我们的新方法，我们将确定两种重要膜蛋白的结构：哺乳动物囊泡谷氨酸转运蛋白（VGLUT）的细菌同源物和氯喹抗性转运蛋白（PfCRT）。 VGLUT 将谷氨酸转运到突触小泡中，通过胞吐作用调节释放，从而在兴奋性神经传递中发挥重要作用。 PfCRT 在恶性疟原虫对喹啉抗疟药的耐药性中发挥着关键作用。我们的目标是以亚纳米分辨率并最终以接近原子分辨率确定这两种蛋白质的结构。我们还将简化我们的方法，以便它可以应用于许多其他膜蛋白。