The Heterogeneous Effects of Education on Health and Productivity

教育对健康和生产力的异质影响

• 批准号: 9566992
• 负责人: DAVID E. CARD
• 金额: $ 48.74万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-16 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9566992
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; American; Behavior; Birth; Censuses; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Child; Child Labor; Childhood; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Collaborations; Communities; Data; Data Files; Data Set; Data Sources; Databases; Economics; Education; Education Gap; Elderly; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Exercise; Family; First Births; Gender; Generations; Geography; Goals; Health; Health Status; Health behavior; Health behavior outcomes; Healthcare; Household; Income; Individual; Inequality; Infrastructure; Institution; Investments; Labor Forces; Law Enforcement; Laws; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Living Arrangement; Longevity; Marriage; Marriage Ages; Measures; National Health Interview Survey; Nature; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Occupational; Occupations; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Policies; Population; Process; Productivity; Public Health; Race; Records; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Sampling; Schools; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Shapes; Siblings; Smoking; Socioeconomic Status; Spouses; Surveys; Time; United States; United States National Center for Health Statistics; United States National Institutes of Health; United States Social Security Administration; Vertebral column; Weight; Work; aged; base; behavioral health; beneficiary; cohort; contextual factors; diet and exercise; disability; drinking; economic outcome; health economics; improved; indexing; intergenerational; lower income families; member; next generation; population survey; programs; response; social; socioeconomics; transmission process

PROJECT SUMMARY This application responds to PAR-16-080, an NIH FOA to advance scientific understanding of “the nature of the causal relationship between education and health.” We propose to study how education has shaped the life course of health and economic well-being for the generation of Americans born in the 1920s and 1930s. The premise of our research agenda is that education is determined by three factors: First, it is shaped by parents' decisions and circumstances. Second, local institutions and community characteristics also matter. And third, these contextual factors can interact with family background, strengthening or weakening the intergenerational transmission of health and economic well-being. For example, compulsory schooling laws and child labor laws compel parents to keep their children in school through some minimum age. To the extent the laws are enforced, they can potentially narrow the education gap between children from richer and poorer families, leading to changes in the degree of inequality in health and social outcomes in later life. We propose a research program that studies how parental circumstances and contextual factors jointly affect educational attainment in childhood and traces its effects on health and economic outcomes over the life course. To accomplish this, we need a data set that (1) links individuals across generations; (2) can be merged with local contextual variables; and (3) includes life-course measures of economic and health outcomes. Fortunately, a recent collaboration between the Census Bureau and academic scholars, the Core Longitudinal Infrastructure Project (CLIP), provides the backbone of our data needs. CLIP allows us to match 1940 US Census records on children and youth to near-population data from the Social Security Administration's Master Beneficiary Record File (MBRF) and the Current Population Survey (CPS). To gain health outcomes, we propose to link the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to this effort. The 1940 Census contains 42.7 million children aged 0-18, most of whom were living with parents and siblings at the time. The MBRF includes measures of lifetime earnings, disability status, and age at death for 95% or more of people in these birth cohorts, while the CPS has data on schooling and occupational attainment, and the NHIS on health behaviors and outcomes for large subsamples. We will use these data to describe the correlations between family background, education, longevity, and lifetime earnings, and the between-sibling correlations in the latter outcomes. We will document how these correlations differ by gender, race, and ethnicity, and vary across regions of the United States. We will also merge information on schooling laws and local school characteristics, and conduct causal studies of the effect of education on health and lifetime earnings. All files will be made available to other researchers through the Census and NCHS Research Data Centers. These data—which will span one hundred years—will be well-suited for our proposed research on how education shapes lifelong well-being in terms of health and socioeconomic metrics.

项目摘要 该申请响应于16-080 Pars，这是NIH FOA，以提高对“的性质”的科学理解 教育与健康之间的因果关系。”我们建议研究教育如何塑造生活 1920年代和1930年代出生的美国人的健康和经济福祉过程。 我们研究议程的前提是教育由三个因素决定：首先，它是由 父母的决定和情况。其次，地方机构和社区特征也很重要。 第三，这些背景因素可以与家庭背景相互作用，加强或削弱 卫生和经济福祉的代际传播。例如，强制性学校法律 童工法迫使父母将孩子在最低年龄的一定年龄中留在学校。在某种程度上 执行法律，他们可能会缩小富人和贫困儿童之间的教育差距 家庭，导致后来生活中健康和社会成果不平等程度的变化。 我们提出了一项研究计划，研究父母的情况和背景因素如何共同影响 童年的教育成就，并追溯其对生活中健康和经济成果的影响 课程。为了实现这一目标，我们需要一个数据集，该数据集（1）将个人跨越链接； （2）可以合并 与局部上下文变量； （3）包括生命课程的经济和健康成果。 幸运的是，人口普查局与学术学者之间的最新合作，核心纵向 基础架构项目（CLIP）提供了我们数据需求的骨干。剪辑使我们能够匹配1940年美国 对儿童和青少年的人口普查记录，以获取社会保障局的近人类数据 主受益人记录文件（MBRF）和当前人口调查（CPS）。为了获得健康成果， 我们建议将国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）与这项工作联系起来。 1940年的人口普查包含42.7 百万年龄在0-18岁的孩子，其中大多数当时与父母和兄弟姐妹一起生活。 MBRF 包括终身收入，残疾状况和年龄的衡量标准，其中95％或更多的人 生日队列，虽然CPS拥有有关学校和占领成就的数据，而NHIS的健康 大型子样本的行为和结果。我们将使用这些数据来描述 家庭背景，教育，寿命和终生收入以及兄弟姐妹之间的相关性 后者的结果。我们将记录这些相关性如何因性别，种族和种族以及变化而有所不同 在美国的整个地区。我们还将合并有关学校法律和当地学校的信息 特征并进行因果研究，以了解教育对健康和终生收入的影响。 所有文件将通过人口普查和NCHS研究数据中心提供给其他研究人员。 这些数据（将跨越一百年）将非常适合我们提出的关于如何的研究 在健康和社会经济指标方面，教育塑造了终生的幸福感。