2013 Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World GRC & GRS

2013 眼动：看世界的运动系统 GRC

• 批准号: 8527325
• 负责人: Michele A Basso
• 金额: $ 6.5万
• 依托单位: GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8527325
• 关键词: Animals; Area; Attention; Behavior; Biology; Biomechanics; Blindness; Boxing; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebral cortex; Characteristics; Cognition; Collaborations; Communities; Complex; Computing Methodologies; Decision Making; Diagnosis; Disease; Ensure; Eye; Eye Movements; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Gap Junctions; Goals; Growth; Head Movements; Health; Hearing; Image; Interdisciplinary Study; Knowledge; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lead; Learning; Light; Mammals; Motor; Neurons; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Ocular Motility Disorders; Ocular orbit; Participant; Perception; Peripheral; Physicians; Positioning Attribute; Postdoctoral Fellow; Process; Public Health; Reading; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Personnel; Rodent Model; Role; Rotation; Running; Saccades; Schedule; Science; Scientist; Severities; Signal Transduction; Smooth Pursuit; Students; Symptoms; System; Systems Biology; Techniques; Technology; Vertebrates; Vision; Vision Disparity; Visual; Visual Motion; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Work; base; career; cognitive neuroscience; computational neuroscience; design; extrastriate visual cortex; fundamental research; gaze; imaging modality; insight; interdisciplinary approach; mathematical model; meetings; motor control; neural circuit; new technology; next generation; novel; novel strategies; oculomotor; optogenetics; programs; public health relevance; success; symposium; visual control; visual neuroscience; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The oculomotor system is arguably the best understood motor control system. Traditionally, oculomotor scientists studied each eye movement subsystem in isolation. Only recently have scientists turned their attention to more complex problems such as the neuronal control of combined vergence and saccadic eye movements or the neuronal control of combined saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements. Advances in these areas are opening up new topics of inquiry to the field of oculomotor neuroscience such as target selection - how does the brain select a single visual stimulus to guide eye movements? Is the process of selection the same for different eye movement subsystems or is it a shared mechanism? Do binocular disparity signals provide a low-level target selection mechanism for saccades or pursuit? Questions such as these are generating much excitement in the field and are producing results that have implications for the fields of visual neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience and computational neuroscience. As such, our goal in this application is to provide the oculomotor science community a forum to present and hear about cutting-edge research and to interact in an intimate, informal yet scientifically rigorous setting. In 2005, we held the first oculomotor Gordon Research Conference (GRC) ever, titled Oculomotor System Biology. The success of the first meeting resulted in second, sponsored GRC in 2007. The third and so far, most successful oculomotor GRC occurred in 2011, titled Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World. The topics included: Eye Movements as a Probe for Attention, Perception, and Decision Making Mechanisms, in which the speaker's explored how the oculomotor system is used as a read-out for perceptual decision-making; The Action between Eye Movements, which explored the characteristics and control mechanisms for microsaccades and Central and Peripheral Oculomotor Subsystems in Health and Disease, which evaluated new findings about the role of peripheral mechanisms in controlling eye orientation. In the meeting scheduled for 2013 we hope to capitalize on the excitement generated from the 2011 meeting and plan to explore topics such as: Rodent Models for Higher Order Oculomotor Control; In this session the recent surge in the use of small mammals that are easily manipulated genetically to explore cognition and eye movements will be the theme. Beyond Black Boxes - New Computational Approaches for Understanding Oculomotor Control; in this session the topic of applying mathematical models to the oculomotor system such as Bayesian inference will be explored. More than Pretty Pictures- Lessons Learned from Imaging the Oculomotor System; in this session, we will explore how the technique of fMRI and other imaging methods enhances our understanding of the neural circuits underlying eye movements. This proposal requests support for a conference whose objective is to bring together scientists and physicians to discuss recent work in the oculomotor system. We plan to bring together early-career and established investigators to propel forward novel research venues and collaborations.

描述（由申请人提供）：动眼系统可以说是最能理解的电动机控制系统。传统上，动眼科学家孤立地研究了每个眼动运动子系统。直到最近，科学家将注意力转移到了更复杂的问题上，例如联合发生的Gergence和Saccadic眼动的神经元控制，或者对结合的saccadic and Spooth Pusnuit Eye运动的神经元控制。这些领域的进步正在为眼球神经科学等领域（例如目标选择）开辟新的询问主题 - 大脑如何选择一种视觉刺激来指导眼睛运动？选择过程对于不同的眼运动子系统是相同的，还是共享的机制？双眼差异信号是否为扫视或追捕提供低级目标选择机制？诸如此类的问题在该领域引起了很多兴奋，并且正在产生对视觉神经科学，认知神经科学和计算神经科学领域的影响。因此，我们在本申请中的目标是为动眼科学界提供一个论坛，以介绍和了解尖端研究并以亲密，非正式但科学严格的环境进行互动。 2005年，我们举办了第一次动眼戈登研究会议（GRC），标题为Oculomotor System Biology。第一次会议的成功导致了第二次赞助的GRC，于2007年获得了GRC。到目前为止，最成功的动眼GRC发生​​在2011年，标题为“眼动：看到世界的运动系统”。主题包括：眼睛运动作为注意，感知和决策机制的探测，其中说话者探讨了眼动系统如何用作感知决策的读出；眼动之间的作用，探讨了微扫视，中央和周围眼动物子系统在健康和疾病中的特征和控制机制，该系统评估了有关外围机制在控制眼睛方向中作用的新发现。在计划于2013年举行的会议中，我们希望利用2011年会议产生的兴奋，并计划探索诸如：啮齿动物模型的高阶眼动仪控制模型；在本届会议中，最近在遗传上轻松操纵以探索认知和眼睛运动的小型哺乳动物的使用激增将是主题。超越黑匣子 - 了解眼动控制的新计算方法；在本届会议中，将探索将数学模型应用于眼动系统（例如贝叶斯推理）的主题。不仅仅是漂亮的图片 - 从成像动眼系统中学到的经验教训；在本次会议中，我们将探讨fMRI和其他成像方法的技术如何增强我们对眼睛运动潜在的神经回路的理解。该提案要求支持一次会议的支持，该会议的目的是将科学家和医生汇集在一起​​，讨论动眼运动系统中的最新工作。我们计划将早期职业人士汇集在一起​​，并建立了调查人员，以推动前瞻性新颖的研究场所和合作。