Memory effects of stimulant drugs in humans

兴奋剂药物对人类记忆的影响

• 批准号: 8420414
• 负责人: HARRIET DE WIT
• 金额: $ 18.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-15 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8420414
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Affective; Amphetamines; Area; Arousal; Association Learning; Attention; Clinical Research; Dextroamphetamine; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Emotional; Event; Future; Hour; Human; Human Volunteers; Individual; Investigation; Laboratory Animals; Learning; Literature; Memory; Memory Disorders; Moods; Organism; Perception; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Placebos; Process; Questionnaires; Retrieval; Stimulus; Testing; Time; addiction; base; capsule; design; drug of abuse; drug seeking behavior; experience; healthy volunteer; improved; memory process; memory retrieval; positive mood; pre-clinical research; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent theories of drug abuse suggest that addiction involves aberrant memory processing. In nonhumans, stimulant drugs facilitate both encoding and retrieval processes, either of which could influence future drug-seeking behavior. In humans, subjective states of arousal or mood are known to bias emotional memory, raising the possibility that drugs producing these states may also bias memory and thereby influence drug-taking. The effects of drugs of abuse on memory have not been carefully studied in humans. In this exploratory study we propose to examine the effects of d-amphetamine (AMP) on encoding and retrieval processes, with a focus on emotional memory. We will address three main questions: 1) does AMP administered at the time of encoding facilitate subsequent retrieval assessed in a drug free state? 2) does AMP administered at the time of retrieval improve memory for stimuli previously encoded in a drug-free state? 3) is retrieval enhanced if the individual is in the same state (AMP or placebo) during both encoding and retrieval, compared to receiving AMP during either encoding or retrieval? The study will use a four-session within-subject design in healthy young adults (N=60). Each session consists of two phases, an encoding phase, followed 48 hours later by a retrieval phase. Subjects will receive capsules containing AMP (20 mg) or placebo before encoding or retrieval in all four combinations. During the encoding phases subjects will view or study standardized stimuli with emotionally positive, negative and neutral content, and their memory for the stimuli will be assessed 48 hours later during the retrieval phase. Based on findings with laboratory animals, we hypothesize that AMP administered during either encoding or retrieval will facilitate memory for stimuli with emotional content. Based on human studies of arousal and mood-congruence, we further hypothesize that memory facilitation may be related either to the drug's potential to increase either arousal or positive mood states. Finally, based on evidence for state-dependent learning, we hypothesize that memory will be maximized when encoding and retrieval take place in the same (drug or no-drug) state. The memory processes studied here have important consequence for drug-seeking. Drug-seeking behavior is strongly influenced by memory of previous events, and drug- induced biases during either encoding or retrieval could profoundly influence future drug use. This project will form the basis for future investigations of the effects of memory biases on drug-seeking behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的药物滥用理论表明，成瘾涉及异常的记忆处理。在非人类中，兴奋剂药物促进编码和检索过程，这两者都可能影响未来的药物寻求行为。在人类中，主观的唤醒或情绪状态已知会影响情绪记忆，这增加了产生这些状态的药物也可能会影响记忆的可能性，从而影响吸毒。滥用药物对记忆的影响尚未在人类身上得到仔细研究。在这项探索性研究中，我们建议检查 d-安非他明 (AMP) 对编码和检索过程的影响，重点是情绪记忆。我们将解决三个主要问题：1）编码时施用的 A​​MP 是否有助于随后在无药物状态下评估的检索？ 2) 检索时施用 AMP 是否可以改善对先前在无药物状态下编码的刺激的记忆？ 3) 如果个体在编码和检索期间处于相同状态（AMP 或安慰剂），与在编码或检索期间接收 AMP 相比，检索是否会增强？该研究将在健康年轻人（N = 60）中使用四次受试者内设计。每个会话由两个阶段组成：编码阶段，48 小时后是检索阶段。在以所有四种组合进行编码或检索之前，受试者将接受含有 AMP（20 毫克）或安慰剂的胶囊。在编码阶段，受试者将观看或研究具有积极、消极和中性情绪内容的标准化刺激，并且他们对刺激的记忆将在 48 小时后的检索阶段进行评估。根据对实验动物的研究结果，我们假设在编码或检索过程中施用 AMP 将促进对情感内容刺激的记忆。基于对唤醒和情绪一致性的人体研究，我们进一步假设记忆促进可能与药物增加唤醒或积极情绪状态的潜力有关。最后，基于状态依赖学习的证据，我们假设当编码和检索在相同（药物或非药物）状态下进行时，记忆将最大化。这里研究的记忆过程对于寻求药物具有重要影响。寻求药物的行为很大程度上受到先前事件记忆的影响，而在编码或检索过程中药物引起的偏差可能会深刻影响未来的药物使用。该项目将为未来研究记忆偏差对药物寻求行为的影响奠定基础。