Memory effects of stimulant drugs in humans

兴奋剂药物对人类记忆的影响

• 批准号: 8420414
• 负责人: HARRIET DE WIT
• 金额: $ 18.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-15 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8420414
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Affective; Amphetamines; Area; Arousal; Association Learning; Attention; Clinical Research; Dextroamphetamine; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Emotional; Event; Future; Hour; Human; Human Volunteers; Individual; Investigation; Laboratory Animals; Learning; Literature; Memory; Memory Disorders; Moods; Organism; Perception; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Placebos; Process; Questionnaires; Retrieval; Stimulus; Testing; Time; addiction; base; capsule; design; drug of abuse; drug seeking behavior; experience; healthy volunteer; improved; memory process; memory retrieval; positive mood; pre-clinical research; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent theories of drug abuse suggest that addiction involves aberrant memory processing. In nonhumans, stimulant drugs facilitate both encoding and retrieval processes, either of which could influence future drug-seeking behavior. In humans, subjective states of arousal or mood are known to bias emotional memory, raising the possibility that drugs producing these states may also bias memory and thereby influence drug-taking. The effects of drugs of abuse on memory have not been carefully studied in humans. In this exploratory study we propose to examine the effects of d-amphetamine (AMP) on encoding and retrieval processes, with a focus on emotional memory. We will address three main questions: 1) does AMP administered at the time of encoding facilitate subsequent retrieval assessed in a drug free state? 2) does AMP administered at the time of retrieval improve memory for stimuli previously encoded in a drug-free state? 3) is retrieval enhanced if the individual is in the same state (AMP or placebo) during both encoding and retrieval, compared to receiving AMP during either encoding or retrieval? The study will use a four-session within-subject design in healthy young adults (N=60). Each session consists of two phases, an encoding phase, followed 48 hours later by a retrieval phase. Subjects will receive capsules containing AMP (20 mg) or placebo before encoding or retrieval in all four combinations. During the encoding phases subjects will view or study standardized stimuli with emotionally positive, negative and neutral content, and their memory for the stimuli will be assessed 48 hours later during the retrieval phase. Based on findings with laboratory animals, we hypothesize that AMP administered during either encoding or retrieval will facilitate memory for stimuli with emotional content. Based on human studies of arousal and mood-congruence, we further hypothesize that memory facilitation may be related either to the drug's potential to increase either arousal or positive mood states. Finally, based on evidence for state-dependent learning, we hypothesize that memory will be maximized when encoding and retrieval take place in the same (drug or no-drug) state. The memory processes studied here have important consequence for drug-seeking. Drug-seeking behavior is strongly influenced by memory of previous events, and drug- induced biases during either encoding or retrieval could profoundly influence future drug use. This project will form the basis for future investigations of the effects of memory biases on drug-seeking behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的药物滥用理论表明成瘾涉及异常记忆处理。在非人类中，刺激性药物有助于编码和检索过程，这两种过程都可能影响未来的寻求毒品行为。在人类中，众所周知，唤醒或情绪的主观状态会偏向情绪记忆，从而增加了产生这些状态的药物也可能偏向记忆并从而影响吸毒的可能性。尚未在人类中仔细研究滥用药物对记忆的影响。在这项探索性研究中，我们建议研究D-苯丙胺（AMP）对编码和检索过程的影响，重点是情绪记忆。我们将解决三个主要问题：1）编码时的AMP是否促进了以无毒状态评估的后续检索？ 2）在检索时给予AMP是否可以改善以前在无药物状态下编码的刺激的记忆？ 3）与在编码或检索过程中接收AMP相比，如果个人在编码和检索过程中的个人处于同一状态（放大器或安慰剂），是否会增强检索？这项研究将在健康的年轻人中使用四项受试者内部设计（n = 60）。每个会话由两个阶段组成，一个编码阶段，然后在48小时后进行检索阶段。在所有四种组合中编码或检索之前，受试者将接收含有AMP（20 mg）或安慰剂的胶囊。在编码阶段期间，受试者将以情感积极，负和中性含量查看或研究标准化的刺激，并且在检索阶段48小时后将评估其刺激的记忆。根据实验动物的发现，我们假设在编码或检索过程中施用的AMP将促进具有情感含量的刺激记忆。根据人类对唤醒和情绪综合性的研究，我们进一步假设记忆促进可能与该药物增加唤醒或积极情绪状态的潜力有关。最后，基于国家依赖性学习的证据，我们假设在编码和检索时，记忆将在同一（药物或无药）状态时最大化。这里研究的记忆过程对寻求毒品具有重要的影响。寻求药物的行为受到以前事件的记忆的强烈影响，并且在编码或检索过程中毒品诱发的偏见可能会深刻影响未来的药物使用。该项目将构成对记忆偏见对毒品行为影响的未来研究的基础。