Role of neural variation in smooth pursuit eye movements

神经变异在平滑追踪眼球运动中的作用

• 批准号: 8141342
• 负责人: STEPHEN G LISBERGER
• 金额: $ 17.62万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8141342
• 关键词: Agreement; Area; Attention; Basal Ganglia; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral cortex; Code; Collaborations; Complex; Eye; Eye Movements; Funding Agency; Generations; Goals; Human; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Link; Literature; Measures; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Neurons; Neurosciences Research; Output; Parietal; Pathway interactions; Phase; Play; Population; Process; Research; Residual state; Rewards; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Smooth Pursuit; Speed; System; Systems Analysis; Testing; Time; Variant; Visual; Work; area MT; base; driving behavior; expectation; extrastriate visual cortex; eye velocity; falls; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; interest; motor learning; neural circuit; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory cortex; tool; visual feedback; working group

Smooth pursuit eye movements are a well-understood behavior with a known neural substrate. Pursuit is generated when a target moves smoothly. It depends on a traditional cortical-cerebellar circuit with inputs from sensory cortex, processing in parietal sensory-motor areas, and motor commands from a frontal motor area. Outputs from the cerebral cortex interact with cerebro-cerebellar circuits and cerebro-basal ganglia circuits to generate motor commands. Much is known about the mean responses of neurons in these areas and how they contribute to the generation of the average pursuit movement. However, the analysis of variation in neural codes and pursuit behavior opens a new vista. The sensory input for pursuit is highly variable, yet the behavior itself is remarkably precise. The presence and ease of quantifying variation in the neural signals and the behavior offers the opportunity to ask where neural variation falls on the continuum from being a negative, neutral, or positive component of the neural generation of behavior. This project will focus on the frontal pursuit area (FPA), near the saccadic frontal eye fields and will ask 3 questions that are tightly linked to the aims of the Conte Center for Neuroscience Research. First, it will ask how much the neural code in the FPA varies and what fractions of the variance are 1) related to the behavior and 2) "residual", unrelated to the behavior. How do these fractions vary over the different phases of a pursuit movement? Second, it will use differential reward and penalty to modulate the distribution of behavioral variation and explore how that variation is effected by changes in the neural variation in the FPA. Third, it will explore neural variation in the FPA during the instructional period for visually-guided learning in pursuit, and during the subsequent expression of learning. The research in this project will contribute to the overall goals of the CCNR by providing an exemplar behavior where narrowly defined, quantitative questions can be answered about the specific roles of neural variation in a tightly controlled and well-understood behavior. In addition, an understanding of how the frontal cortex controls pursuit may help us to understand why schizophrenics have such profound deficits in smooth pursuit eye movements.

平滑的眼球追踪运动是一种众所周知的行为，具有已知的神经基质。追求的是 当目标平稳移动时产生。它取决于带有输入的传统皮质小脑电路 来自感觉皮层、顶叶感觉运动区域的处理以及来自额叶运动的运动命令 区域。大脑皮层的输出与脑小脑回路和脑基底神经节相互作用 生成电机命令的电路。关于这些区域神经元的平均反应我们已经了解很多 以及它们如何促进平均追逐运动的产生。然而，分析 神经编码和追逐行为的变化开辟了新的前景。追求的感官输入高度 虽然是可变的，但行为本身却非常精确。量化变化的存在和容易程度 神经信号和行为提供了询问神经变异落在连续体上的位置的机会 不再是行为神经生成的消极、中性或积极成分。该项目将 专注于额部追踪区域 (FPA)，靠近扫视额部视野，并会问 3 个问题： 与孔特神经科学研究中心的目标紧密相关。首先，它会询问多少钱 FPA 中的神经代码会发生变化，并且方差的比例是 1) 与行为相关，2) “残留”，与行为无关。这些分数在追求的不同阶段有何变化 移动？其次，它将使用差别奖励和惩罚来调节行为的分布。 变化并探索 FPA 中神经变化的变化如何影响这种变化。第三，它 将探索视觉引导学习教学期间 FPA 的神经变化， 以及随后的学习表达过程中。该项目的研究将有助于整体 CCNR 的目标是通过提供一个行为范例来解决狭义的定量问题 回答了神经变异在严格控制和易于理解的行为中的具体作用。在 此外，了解额叶皮层如何控制追逐可能有助于我们理解原因 精神分裂症患者在平滑追踪眼球运动方面存在严重缺陷。