Neural Development of Deductive Reasoning

演绎推理的神经发展

基本信息

批准号：
8301453
负责人：
James R Booth
金额：
$ 7.73万
依托单位：
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-04-01 至 2014-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Deductive reasoning is central to human intelligence and plays a fundamental role in the learning and understanding of fundamental concepts during childhood. Deductions also contribute significantly to mathematical and language learning. Given the central role of deductive reasoning in education, it is critical to advance our understanding of the cognitive and neural underpinnings of its development. Neuroimaging research in adults suggests that the brain regions that are engaged in deduction partially depend upon the type of task. For example, posterior parietal regions that have been linked to visuo-spatial processing have been implicated in linear relational reasoning (e.g., Tom is taller than Bill, Bill is taller than John, therefore Tom is taller than John), whereas left inferior fronal regions associated with verbal processing have been implicated in categorical reasoning (e.g., All Tulips are Flowers, All Flowers are Plants, therefore All Tulips are Plants). However, neuroimaging studies in adults also show that the left rostro-lateral prefrontal cortex is involved in both relational and categorical reasoning, suggesting a more general role for this region in the manipulation and integration of the premises of all types of reasoning problems. Although there have been several neuroimaging studies in adults and behavioral studies in children, nothing is known about the neural basis of the development of deductive reasoning in children. This project will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural development of relational and categorical reasoning in typically developing children (8-9 versus 12-13 year olds). We will examine differences in signal intensity using conventional fMRI analyses, but we will also examine differences in effective connectivity using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). The results of this project will indicate how deductive reasoning emerges and interacts with spatial and verbal systems during childhood and early adolescence. By identifying the neural development of deductive reasoning in typically developing children, our study will also provide the necessary groundwork for future studies that will investigate how this developmental trajectory differs in children with specific language impairment and dyscalculia. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Deductive reasoning is central to human intelligence and contributes significantly to the development of math and language in children. This project proposes to examine the neural development of deductive reasoning in typically developing children. The results of this study will indicate how deductive reasoning emerges and interacts with spatial and verbal systems in the brain during childhood and early adolescence.

描述（由申请人提供）：演绎推理是人类智力的核心，在儿童时期学习和理解基本概念方面发挥着基础作用。演绎也对数学和语言学习做出了重大贡献。鉴于演绎推理在教育中的核心作用，增进我们对其发展的认知和神经基础的理解至关重要。成人神经影像学研究表明，参与演绎的大脑区域部分取决于任务类型。例如，与视觉空间处理相关的后顶叶区域涉及线性关系推理（例如，汤姆比比尔高，比尔比约翰高，因此汤姆比约翰高），而左下额叶区域与语言处理相关的信息与分类推理有关（例如，所有郁金香都是花，所有花都是植物，因此所有郁金香都是植物）。然而，成人的神经影像学研究也表明，左嘴外侧前额叶皮层也参与其中在关系推理和分类推理中，表明该区域在操纵和整合所有类型推理问题的前提。尽管已经有一些针对成人的神经影像学研究和针对儿童的行为研究，但对于儿童演绎推理发展的神经基础却一无所知。该项目将使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 来研究典型发育儿童（8-9 岁与 12-13 岁）的关系和分类推理的神经发育情况。我们将使用传统的功能磁共振成像分析检查信号强度的差异，但我们还将使用动态因果模型（DCM）检查有效连接的差异。该项目的结果将表明演绎推理如何在儿童期和青春期早期出现并与空间和语言系统相互作用。通过确定典型发育儿童中演绎推理的神经发育情况，我们的研究还将为未来的研究提供必要的基础，以调查这种发育轨迹在具有特定语言障碍和计算障碍的儿童中有何不同。公共健康相关性：演绎推理是人类智力的核心，对儿童数学和语言的发展做出了重大贡献。该项目旨在检查典型发育儿童演绎推理的神经发育情况。这项研究的结果将表明演绎推理如何在儿童期和青春期早期出现并与大脑中的空间和语言系统相互作用。