Executive Functions and Self-Regulation: A Twin Study

执行功能和自我调节：双胞胎研究

• 批准号: 8495509
• 负责人: JOHN K. HEWITT
• 金额: $ 11.25万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-06-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8495509
• 关键词: 21 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adult; Affect; Age; Anger; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Behavioral Genetics; Charge; Cognition; Cognitive; Colorado; Data; Depressed mood; Dimensions; Drug usage; Emotional; Episodic memory; Equation; Etiology; Factor Analysis; Failure; Genetic; Goals; Grant; Health; Human; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Modeling; Needles; Obesity; Participant; Problem behavior; Process; Regulation; Relative (related person); Research; Resistance; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Source; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Thinking; Twin Multiple Birth; Twin Studies; Update; cost; emerging adult; executive function; falls; frontal lobe; infancy; mental set; prospective memory; psychologic; public health relevance; response; trait; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this competitive renewal, we propose to extend our twin study of individual differences in executive functions (EFs) by conducting the following: (1) the first assessment of genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change in EFs during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood; (2) the first study of the relations among self-regulation abilities in three domains, as well as the genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences in these self-regulation abilities in early adulthood; and (3) the first behavioral genetic study of the relationship between EFs and self-regulation in early adulthood. By retesting participants on the tasks used to construct latent variable measures of the three EFs currently assessed (Inhibiting, Updating, and Shifting), we will be able to test the hypothesis that stable trait variance in EFs is genetically determined, while changes (e.g., declines) are environmentally influenced, for example by drug use. We will also use data from a theoretically motivated battery of self-regulation measures to conduct the first study of the relations among self-regulation abilities in three domains cognitive, emotional, and behavioral as well as the genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences in these self- regulation abilities in early adulthood. Finally, we will use the measures of the three EFs, as well as data on two additional EFs (Resisting Proactive Interference and Dual-Tasking) to examine the relations of these EFs to the three domains of self regulation. To achieve these aims, we will re-assess the three EFs in a target sample of 814 individual twins from 214 monozygotic and 193 dizygotic pairs who have participated in the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study (LTS) since infancy. In the first grant period, we have now tested 698 individual twins ages 16.5-19 years, 48 more than our original goal of 650, and during the no-cost-extension we will attempt to test an additional 116 twins. With our attrition assumptions, we anticipate a final sample of 365 pairs tested at both Wave 1 and Wave 2 (age 21 to 23 years). We will use phenotypic factor analyses and multivariate genetic and environmental structural equation modeling to address the three specific aims. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This is a twin study of the etiologies of stability and change in cognitive executive functions during adolescence and early adulthood, together with individual differences in the ability to regulate one's own behavior. These differences may contribute to mental health generally and to health (e.g. obesity), psychological (e.g. depression), and behavioral (e.g. substance abuse) problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：在这种竞争性更新中，我们建议通过进行以下操作来扩展对执行功能的个体差异（EFS）的双胞胎研究：（1）对从青春期过渡到年轻成年期过渡期间EFS稳定性和EFS稳定性和环境变化的首次评估； （2）第一个研究三个领域的自我调节能力之间的关系，以及成年初期这些自我调节能力中个体差异的遗传和环境病因； （3）成年初期EFS与自我调节之间关系的第一个行为遗传研究。通过对用于构建当前评估的三种EFS的潜在可变度量（抑制，更新和转移）的潜在可变度量的任务进行重新测试，我们将能够检验以下假设：EFS中稳定的特征差异是遗传确定的，而变化（例如，下降）对环境受到了影响，例如受药物使用影响。我们还将使用理论上动机的自我调节措施中的数据来对三个领域的自我调节能力之间的关系进行首次研究，以及在成年早期的这些自我调节能力中对个性差异的遗传和环境病因。最后，我们将使用三个EFS的度量，以及对两个EFS（抵抗主动的干扰和双任务）的数据来检查这些EF与自我调节的三个领域的关系。为了实现这些目标，我们将重新评估来自214个单卵双胞胎的目标样本中的三个EF，从214个单卵双胞胎和193个双卵形对，他们从婴儿期开始就参加了科罗拉多纵向双胞胎研究（LTS）。在第一个赠款期间，我们现在已经测试了698个单独的双胞胎16.5-19岁，比我们最初的650个目标多48个，在无成本延伸期间，我们将尝试测试另外116个双胞胎。有了我们的流失假设，我们预计在波浪1和2波（21至23岁）下测试的365对最终样本。我们将使用表型因子分析以及多元遗传和环境结构方程建模来解决这三个特定目标。 公共卫生相关性：这是对青春期和成年初期认知行政职能的病因的双重研究，以及调节自己行为的能力的个体差异。这些差异通常会导致心理健康和健康（例如肥胖症），心理（例如抑郁症）和行为（例如滥用药物）问题。