Pathogenesis Mechanism of Geminivirus-Encoded AL2

双生病毒编码的AL2的发病机制

• 批准号: 8223862
• 负责人: Xiuren Zhang
• 金额: $ 21.55万
• 依托单位: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-01 至 2014-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8223862
• 关键词: Address; Antiviral Agents; Arabidopsis; Binding; Biological; Biological Models; Chromatin; Complex; DNA; DNA Viruses; Defect; Defense Mechanisms; Disease; Environment; Epigenetic Process; Eukaryota; Event; Family; Functional disorder; Geminiviridae; Gene Expression; Gene Silencing; Genes; Goals; Health; Host Defense; Human; Immune response; Immune system; Infection; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Measures; Methylation; Modeling; Modification; Molecular; Natural Immunity; Pathogenesis; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plants; Play; Polycomb; Predisposition; Process; Proteins; RNA Interference; Research; Role; Signal Transduction; Single Stranded DNA Virus; System; Testing; Viral; Virus; Work; base; chromatin modification; combat; defense response; gain of function mutation; heterochromatin-specific nonhistone chromosomal protein HP-1; human disease; infancy; insight; loss of function; novel; pathogen; research study; virus host interaction

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary goal of the proposed research is to elucidate the mechanism of host innate immune responses and viral counter-defense responses at an epigenetic level. Multi-cellular eukaryotes including humans and plants have evolved sophisticated and fundamental mechanisms of RNA silencing to defense invasive viruses. On the other hand, viruses including those infecting humans encode proteins, referred to as viral suppressors, to block silencing pathways to evade host surveillance. The current world-wide study on host-virus interaction focuses on the antivirus role of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and viral suppression of PTGS. While our knowledge of viral suppression at the PTGS level has been drastically expanded, our understanding of viral suppression at the level of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) is still at its infancy. The preliminary studies from the PI's group have illuminated that AL2 suppressor encoded by geminivirus, a family of single-strand DNA viruses, genetically interferes with the pathway of Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which are critical genes responsible for epigenetic silencing. Moreover, AL2 biochemically interacts with HP1. These results and work from several other groups led to conceptualization of a model that TGS serves as an innate immune system to restrict invasive DNA pathogens, whereas viral suppressors can break this restriction by directly inhibiting the TGS integrators. The proposed study will address this model: Aim1 will test the hypothesis that HP1/PRC2 is a new line of host antivirus system and AL2 interaction with these components represents a novel counter-defense strategy. Effect of loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations of HP1/PRC2 genes on modification of geminivirus chromatin will be investigated. Aim 2 will address a speculation that, through interaction with HP1/PRC2, AL2 can reprogram host gene expression and trigger downstream pathogenesis signaling cascades that disrupt host cellular environment leading to disease. A total of 30 AL2-responsive genes have been selected and whether nor not these genes are involved in AL2-elicited pathogenesis processes will be investigated. The proposed study will serve as the starting point for further comprehensive studies on the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis triggered by viral suppressors from the DNA viruses. Understanding these mechanisms will elucidate basic events that occur at the interface between virus and host, and will reveal natural antiviral defense strategies that may be exploited for directed therapies or preventative measures to address health disorders that arise from epigenetic dysfunction in mammalian hosts. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Multi-cellular eukaryotes including humans and plants have evolved sophisticated and conserved epigenetic silencing mechanisms to protect themselves from virus attack. The proposed study is to elucidate the mechanisms by which geminivirus-encoded AL2 protein suppresses epigenetic silencing and triggers downstream pathogenesis signaling cascades that lead to diseases. The proposed study on Arabidopsis immune responses to infection by model DNA viruses and the viral counter- defensive strategies will provide mechanistic insights into the molecular interactions between viruses and mammalian hosts.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的主要目标是在表观遗传水平上阐明宿主先天免疫反应和病毒反防御反应的机制。包括人类和植物在内的多细胞真核生物已经进化出复杂且基本的 RNA 沉默机制来防御入侵病毒。另一方面，包括感染人类的​​病毒编码蛋白质（称为病毒抑制因子），以阻断沉默途径以逃避宿主监视。目前全球范围内关于宿主与病毒相互作用的研究主要集中在转录后基因沉默（PTGS）的抗病毒作用和PTGS的病毒抑制作用上。虽然我们对 PTGS 水平上的病毒抑制的了解已大大扩展，但我们对转录基因沉默 (TGS) 水平上的病毒抑制的理解仍处于起步阶段。 PI团队的初步研究表明，双子病毒（单链DNA病毒家族）编码的AL2抑​​制子会从基因上干扰关键基因异染色质蛋白1（HP1）和多梳抑制复合物2（PRC2）的通路负责表观遗传沉默。此外，AL2 与 HP1 发生生化相互作用。这些结果和其他几个小组的工作导致了一个模型的概念化，即 TGS 作为先天免疫系统来限制侵入性 DNA 病原体，而病毒抑制剂可以通过直接抑制 TGS 整合器来打破这种限制。拟议的研究将解决这个模型：Aim1将测试以下假设：HP1/PRC2是宿主反病毒系统的新系列，而AL2与这些组件的相互作用代表了一种新颖的反防御策略。将研究 HP1/PRC2 基因的功能丧失和功能获得突变对双生病毒染色质修饰的影响。目标 2 将解决这样的推测：通过与 HP1/PRC2 相互作用，AL2 可以重新编程宿主基因表达并触发下游发病机制信号级联，从而破坏宿主细胞环境，导致疾病。总共选择了 30 个 AL2 反应基因，并将研究这些基因是否参与 AL2 引发的发病过程。这项研究将作为进一步全面研究 DNA 病毒抑制因子引发的发病分子机制的起点。了解这些机制将阐明病毒与宿主之间界面发生的基本事件，并将揭示天然的抗病毒防御策略，可用于定向治疗或预防措施，以解决哺乳动物宿主表观遗传功能障碍引起的健康障碍。 公共卫生相关性：包括人类和植物在内的多细胞真核生物已经进化出复杂且保守的表观遗传沉默机制，以保护自身免受病毒攻击。这项研究旨在阐明双生病毒编码的 AL2 蛋白抑制表观遗传沉默并触发导致疾病的下游发病机制信号级联的机制。拟南芥对模型 DNA 病毒感染的免疫反应和病毒反防御策略的研究将为病毒和哺乳动物宿主之间的分子相互作用提供机制上的见解。