PHOTON TUNNELING: SHEDDING NEW LIGHT ON BIOMEDICINE

光子隧道：为生物医学带来新的启示

• 批准号: 8348762
• 负责人: Lihong Wang
• 金额: $ 76万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-30 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8348762
• 关键词: Air; Biological; Biological Process; Child; Diagnosis; Diffuse; Diffusion; Disease; Electromagnetics; Event; Functional Imaging; Genetic; Learning; Light; Magnetic Resonance; Molecular Structure; Nature; Nonionizing Radiation; Optics; Organism; Photons; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resort; Roentgen Rays; Skin; Solutions; Structure; Time; Tissues; Ultrasonography; Vision; Water; Work; abstracting; light scattering; meetings; molecular imaging; optical imaging; photonics; tool

DESCRIPTION Abstract: Eighty to ninety percent of what most young children learn about the world comes through vision. The same cannot be said when we seek to learn about the inner workings of our own body, because light beyond ""skin deep"" becomes diffused due to multiple scattering. Instead, researchers have resorted to alternative means-such as X-ray, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound-to probe deep into the body. Until now, most advances in optical imaging have been geared towards high-resolution functional and molecular imaging at depths less than 1 mm in scattering tissue. The pursuit of deep-tissue optical imaging with high spatial resolution has been stymied by the inherent optical diffusion-the grand challenge since the inception of biomedical optics. We must meet this challenge to reach the full potential of light because it is such a powerful tool from both the physical and biological perspectives. Physically, the tiny fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum that light covers is the only part that probes molecular structures directly; biologically, the ability of molecules to sense, react to, and emit light is encoded on the most fundamental (i.e., genetic) level! In addition, light as nonionizing radiation is as safe to biological organisms as air and water. Therefore, light is the most natural choice fo visualizing biological structures and events, interrogating and controlling biological processes, as well as diagnosing and treating diseases, if only we could overcome the optical diffusion-a seemingly unbreakable barrier. While multiple scattering of light is treated as a problem in conventional wisdom, I believe that it should be part of the solution. Our recent work on time-reversed ultrasonically encoded (TRUE) optical focusing (Nature Photonics 2011) is a first breakthrough in this direction. TRUE focusing can noninvasively deliver light to a dynamically defined focus deep in a scattering medium. This invention opens the door to an even greater paradigm-shifti

描述 抽象的： 大多数幼儿对世界学到的知识的百分之九十到百分之九十，这是通过视觉带来的。当我们寻求了解自己身体的内部工作时，不能说同样的话，因为超越“皮肤深”的光由于多次散射而扩散。取而代之的是，研究人员已诉诸于X射线，磁共振和超声探测到体内的替代手段。到目前为止，光学成像的大多数进展均针对在散射组织中小于1 mm的深度下的高分辨率功能和分子成像。自生物医学光学启动以来，固有的光学扩散 - 大挑战所阻碍了对具有高空间分辨率的深部组织光学成像的追求。我们必须满足这一挑战才能达到光线的全部潜力，因为从物理和生物学角度来看，它是一种强大的工具。从物理上讲，光覆盖的电磁光谱的微小部分是直接探测分子结构的唯一部分。从生物学上讲，分子感知，反应和发光的能力是根据最基本（即遗传）水平编码的！另外，作为非电离辐射的光对生物生物和水与空气和水一样安全。因此，光是最自然的选择，可以看到生物结构和事件，询问和控制生物学过程，以及诊断和治疗疾病，如果我们能够克服光学扩散 - A看似无法破坏的障碍。虽然在传统观念中，多重散射被视为一个问题，但我认为它应该是解决方案的一部分。我们最近在时间转移的超声编码（真）光学焦点（自然光子学2011）上的工作是该方向上的第一个突破。真正的焦点可以非侵入性地向散射介质中的动态定义的焦点发出光。本发明为更大的范式打开了大门