Famine Exposure During the First 1000 Days and Intellectual Disability

前 1000 天内的饥荒和智力障碍

基本信息

批准号：
8283342
负责人：
Cheng Huang
金额：
$ 6.19万
依托单位：
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-07-16 至 2014-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8283342
关键词：
2 year old Adult Affect Age Behavior Disorders Biological Birth Brain Censuses Cessation of life Child China Chinese People Chronic Cognitive Conceptions Country County Data Developed Countries Developing Countries Development Diagnosis Economics Exposure to Famines Goals Health Hearing Height Home environment Human Income Intellectual functioning disability Knowledge Life Life Cycle Stages Literature Long-Term Effects Malnutrition Measures Medical Mental Health Mental Retardation Modeling Modification Molecular Abnormality Outcome Pharmaceutical Preparations Population Poverty Pregnancy Prevalence Public Health Recording of previous events Reporting Research Research Design Risk Role Rural Sampling Schools Severities Speech Surveys Survivors Testing Time Training United States Vision Visual Woman Work alcohol exposure base cohort cost critical period disability early childhood experience girls global health high risk human capital improved literacy male men mortality neurodevelopment novel strategies nutrition postnatal premature prenatal prenatal exposure productivity loss research study rural area secondary outcome sex

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our goal is to advance understanding of the role of nutrition during the first 1000 days of life (conception to age 2y), a critical and vulnerable phas in brain development, on intellectual and other disabilities, as well as on schooling. We propose a study of the long term effects of the 1959-61 Chinese famine, the largest in human history with up to 30-50 million deaths. The famine provides a quasi-experimental setting for testing effects of exposure to prolonged and severe famine on cognitive development in the context of chronic undernutrition and poverty, the context common to most famines in human history and to poor populations in both developed and developing countries. We propose to use the data from the China Second National Survey on Disability (CSNSD), the most up-to-date national survey on disability in China. We will apply a robust difference-in- difference estimator to isolate the famie impact from other potential confounding factors using a novel approach to measuring the intensity of the Chinese famine at county level. We will study birth cohorts born before (1956-58), during (1959-61) and after the famine (1962-1964) and explore how impact varies by timing of exposure to the famine, sex and urban/rural origin. A total of 174,988 men and 173,688 women will be included in our study. Our general hypothesis is that exposure to the famine during the first 1000 days of life, but not later, leads to a) higher risk of intellectual disabiliy and visual, speech, hearing, psychiatric, and physical disabilities, and less schooling; b) larger impact among men than women due to the greater biological vulnerability of men; c) larger impact among rural than urban residents due to the greater severity of the famine in rural areas. Our research team provides extensive expertise in Chinese famine and cohort research, disability research, and design and use of the CSNSD data. We expect our findings to enrich the literature regarding nutrition and cognitive development and possibly to support the importance of improving nutrition in pregnancy and early childhood among high risk population in both poor countries as well as developed countries such as the US. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The project will assess the impact of exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959-61 during pregnancy and the first 2 years of life on adult intellectual disability, visual, speech, hearing, psychiatric, and physical disabilities, and schooling. This study will contribute to the knowledge of effects of exposure to prolonged and severe famine on cognitive development in the context of chronic undernutrition and poverty, the context common to poor populations in both developed and developing countries.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的目标是加深对生命前 1000 天（受孕至 2 岁）营养的作用的理解，这是大脑发育、智力和其他残疾以及残疾的关键和脆弱阶段。关于学业。我们提议对 1959-61 年中国饥荒的长期影响进行研究，这是人类历史上最大规模的饥荒，造成 30-5000 万人死亡。饥荒提供了一个准实验环境，用于测试长期营养不良和贫困背景下长期严重饥荒对认知发展的影响，这是人类历史上大多数饥荒以及发达国家和发展中国家贫困人口所共有的背景。我们建议使用中国第二次全国残疾状况调查（CSNSD）的数据，这是中国最新的全国残疾状况调查。我们将应用稳健的双重差分估计器，使用一种新颖的方法来衡量中国县级饥荒的强度，将家庭影响与其他潜在的混杂因素分开。我们将研究饥荒之前（1956-58）、期间（1959-61）和之后（1962-1964）出生的出生队列，并探讨影响如何随着接触饥荒的时间、性别和城市/农村出身而变化。我们的研究总共包括 174,988 名男性和 173,688 名女性。我们的一般假设是，在生命的前 1000 天（而不是以后）经历饥荒会导致 a) 智力障碍以及视觉、言语、听力、精神和身体残疾的风险更高，并且受教育程度较低； b) 由于男性的生物学脆弱性更大，因此男性的影响比女性更大； c) 由于农村地区饥荒更为严重，对农村居民的影响比城市居民更大。我们的研究团队在中国饥荒和队列研究、残疾研究以及 CSNSD 数据的设计和使用方面提供广泛的专业知识。我们希望我们的研究结果能够丰富有关营养和认知发展的文献，并可能支持改善贫穷国家以及美国等发达国家高危人群妊娠期和幼儿期营养的重要性。公共卫生相关性：该项目将评估怀孕期间和出生后头两年遭遇 1959-61 年中国饥荒对成人智力残疾、视觉、言语、听力、精神和身体残疾以及学业的影响。这项研究将有助于了解在长期营养不良和贫困的背景下，长期和严重的饥荒对认知发展的影响，这是发达国家和发展中国家贫困人口的共同背景。