The Development of Emotion Regulation Mechanisms Impacting Health

影响健康的情绪调节机制的发展

• 批准号: 8306717
• 负责人: KEVIN N OCHSNER
• 金额: $ 53.98万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-28 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8306717
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Amygdaloid structure; Antidotes; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain imaging; Buffers; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Cigarette; Cognitive; Data; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diagnostic; Diet Habits; Eating; Eating Disorders; Emotional; Emotions; Equilibrium; Feeling; Food; Functional Imaging; Future; Goals; Health; Health behavior; Heart Diseases; Image; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Life; Link; Literature; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Neurosciences Research; Outcome; Pain; Pattern; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological; Population; Predisposition; Principal Investigator; Property; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Resistance; Risk; Sampling; Social Psychology; Stimulus; Stress; Structure; Substance abuse problem; Support System; System; Task Performances; Temperament; Testing; Time; To specify; Tobacco; Uncertainty; Variant; Ventral Striatum; Weight maintenance regimen; Work; affective neuroscience; base; behavior change; cognitive neuroscience; critical period; design; developmental psychology; directed attention; emotion regulation; imaging modality; improved; interdisciplinary approach; neurodevelopment; neuromechanism; novel; physical conditioning; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; skills; social; social neuroscience; stressor; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In today's world, keeping healthy is not easy. On one hand, the challenges and uncertainties of our daily lives can take a toll, generating stress and susceptibilities to anxiety and depression that in turn contribute to chronic bodily ailments ranging from heart disease to diabetes. On the other hand, we are faced with opportunities for immediate gratification through eating tasty but unhealthy food, or consuming alcohol, cigarettes or controlled substances. Whether one acts in these ways as an antidote to feeling bad, or because they are pleasurable in their own right, a short-term gain can become a long-term pain when over time weight control, substance abuse or other related health problems develop. What can be done to change these unhealthy behaviors? To address this question, this application takes an interdisciplinary approach that combines the theories and methods of social, cognitive and affective neuroscience with the theories and methods of social and developmental psychology. The over-arching goal is to understand the development of the neural mechanisms that enable us to regulate the appetitive pull of potentially unhealthy substances (e.g. fattening foods or drugs) and the aversive push of unpleasant emotions that might motivate one to seek these substances in the first place. Our focus is on the development of these mechanisms from late childhood through adolescence - time periods critical for the development of these self-regulatory abilities and the maturation of the prefrontal-subcortical interactions underlying them. Our premise is that unless we understand the boundary conditions and underlying mechanisms for normal development of emotion regulatory abilities, it will not be possible to tailor future interventions appropriately - particularly for the age ranges and individuals for whom it could make the biggest difference. Towards this end, our application has two specific aims: Aim 1 - To chart the developmental trajectory of emotion regulatory mechanisms that support behavior change through childhood and adolescence; and Aim 2 - To relate the behavioral, physiological and neural measures collected under Aim 1 to measures of health and health behaviors, including BMI and substance use. To achieve these aims we will bridge two largely separate research literatures. The first uses an ecologically valid delay of gratification task for which childhood performance predicts adult health outcomes like BMI and substance use. The second uses brain imaging to identify the neural bases of the attentional control and reappraisal strategies used to delay gratification and regulate affective impulses more generally. Combining these methods with assessments of disordered eating, BMI, and substance use will allow us to test novel hypotheses about the basic mechanisms of behavior change, including how it may depend on a core set of prefrontal-subcortical interactions that mature during adolescence, and how patterns of individual and developmental variation in subcortically-driven affective reactivity and prefrontal control abilities may indicate which individuals are at greatest risk for maladaptive health behaviors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: There is growing evidence that childhood and adolescence are critical times for development of the emotion regulatory abilities needed to adaptively balance affective impulses and the deleterious health behaviors they can promote. Using a combination of behavioral and functional imaging methods, this application aims to chart the development of the emotion regulatory mechanisms that enable us to rein in affective impulses and to relate these mechanisms to measures of the maladaptive health behaviors they can promote. The ultimate goal is to specify which individuals are at greatest risk for maladaptive health behaviors, at what age this risk is greatest, and which self-regulatory mechanisms could be targeted in future interventions (e.g. CBT) during particular points in the developmental course.

描述（由申请人提供）：在当今的世界中，保持健康并不容易。一方面，我们日常生活的挑战和不确定性可能会造成损失，从而产生焦虑和抑郁症的压力和敏感性，这反过来又导致了从心脏病到糖尿病的慢性身体疾病。另一方面，我们面临着可以通过吃美味但不健康的食物或饮酒，香烟或受控物质来立即满足的机会。无论是以这些方式作为对不好的解毒剂的行为，还是因为它们本身是令人愉悦的，当随着时间的体重控制，滥用药物或其他相关的健康问题而发展时，短期收益都会成为长期的痛苦。如何改变这些不健康的行为？为了解决这个问题，该应用采用了一种跨学科的方法，将社会，认知和情感神经科学的理论和方法与社会和发展心理学的理论和方法结合在一起。统计的目标是了解神经机制的发展，使我们能够调节潜在不健康的物质（例如，肥大食品或药物）的耐起伏，以及对不愉快情绪的厌恶推动，这些情绪可能首先激励人们寻求这些药物。我们的重点是从童年后期到青春期的这些机制的发展 - 对于这些自我调节能力的发展至关重要，以及它们基于的这些自我调节能力和前额叶 - 皮质相互作用的成熟。我们的前提是，除非我们了解了正常发展情绪调节能力的边界条件和基本机制，否则不可能适当地量身定制未来的干预措施 - 特别是对于年龄范围和个人可能带来最大差异的个人。为此，我们的应用具有两个具体的目的：目标1-绘制支持行为通过儿童期和青春期改变行为改变的情绪调节机制的发展轨迹；目标2-将AIM 1下收集的行为，生理和神经措施与健康和健康行为（包括BMI和药物使用）的措施联系起来。为了实现这些目标，我们将桥接两个很大程度上分开的研究文献。第一个使用了对满足任务的生态有效延迟，儿童期表现可以预测BMI和药物使用等成人健康结果。第二种使用大脑成像来识别用于延迟满足和调节情感冲动的注意力控制和重新评估策略的神经底座。将这些方法与评估无序饮食，BMI和吸毒的评估相结合，将使我们能够测试有关行为改变基本机制的新颖假设行为。 公共卫生相关性：越来越多的证据表明，童年和青春期是发展情绪调节能力的关键时期，以适应性地平衡情感冲动和他们可以促进的有害健康行为。该应用结合了行为和功能成像方法的结合，旨在绘制情绪调节机制的发展，使我们能够抑制情感冲动并将这些机制与他们可以促进的不良适应性健康行为的衡量。最终的目标是指定哪些人对适应不良的健康行为最大的风险，在哪个年龄的年龄最大，哪些自我调节机制可以针对未来的干预措施（例如CBT）在发育过程中的特定点。