The Development of Emotion Regulation Mechanisms Impacting Health

影响健康的情绪调节机制的发展

基本信息

批准号：
8306717
负责人：
KEVIN N OCHSNER
金额：
$ 53.98万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-28 至 2015-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8306717
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adult Affect Affective Age Alcohol consumption Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols Amygdaloid structure Antidotes Anxiety Attention Behavior Behavioral Brain imaging Buffers Child Childhood Chronic Cigarette Cognitive Data Development Diabetes Mellitus Diagnostic Diet Habits Eating Eating Disorders Emotional Emotions Equilibrium Feeling Food Functional Imaging Future Goals Health Health behavior Heart Diseases Image Impulsivity Individual Individual Differences Intervention Knowledge Life Link Literature Maps Measures Mediating Mental Depression Mental Health Methods Neurosciences Research Outcome Pain Pattern Performance Pharmaceutical Preparations Physiological Population Predisposition Principal Investigator Property Regulation Reporting Research Resistance Risk Sampling Social Psychology Stimulus Stress Structure Substance abuse problem Support System System Task Performances Temperament Testing Time To specify Tobacco Uncertainty Variant Ventral Striatum Weight maintenance regimen Work affective neuroscience base behavior change cognitive neuroscience critical period design developmental psychology directed attention emotion regulation imaging modality improved interdisciplinary approach neurodevelopment neuromechanism novel physical conditioning programs public health relevance relating to nervous system skills social social neuroscience stressor theories young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In today's world, keeping healthy is not easy. On one hand, the challenges and uncertainties of our daily lives can take a toll, generating stress and susceptibilities to anxiety and depression that in turn contribute to chronic bodily ailments ranging from heart disease to diabetes. On the other hand, we are faced with opportunities for immediate gratification through eating tasty but unhealthy food, or consuming alcohol, cigarettes or controlled substances. Whether one acts in these ways as an antidote to feeling bad, or because they are pleasurable in their own right, a short-term gain can become a long-term pain when over time weight control, substance abuse or other related health problems develop. What can be done to change these unhealthy behaviors? To address this question, this application takes an interdisciplinary approach that combines the theories and methods of social, cognitive and affective neuroscience with the theories and methods of social and developmental psychology. The over-arching goal is to understand the development of the neural mechanisms that enable us to regulate the appetitive pull of potentially unhealthy substances (e.g. fattening foods or drugs) and the aversive push of unpleasant emotions that might motivate one to seek these substances in the first place. Our focus is on the development of these mechanisms from late childhood through adolescence - time periods critical for the development of these self-regulatory abilities and the maturation of the prefrontal-subcortical interactions underlying them. Our premise is that unless we understand the boundary conditions and underlying mechanisms for normal development of emotion regulatory abilities, it will not be possible to tailor future interventions appropriately - particularly for the age ranges and individuals for whom it could make the biggest difference. Towards this end, our application has two specific aims: Aim 1 - To chart the developmental trajectory of emotion regulatory mechanisms that support behavior change through childhood and adolescence; and Aim 2 - To relate the behavioral, physiological and neural measures collected under Aim 1 to measures of health and health behaviors, including BMI and substance use. To achieve these aims we will bridge two largely separate research literatures. The first uses an ecologically valid delay of gratification task for which childhood performance predicts adult health outcomes like BMI and substance use. The second uses brain imaging to identify the neural bases of the attentional control and reappraisal strategies used to delay gratification and regulate affective impulses more generally. Combining these methods with assessments of disordered eating, BMI, and substance use will allow us to test novel hypotheses about the basic mechanisms of behavior change, including how it may depend on a core set of prefrontal-subcortical interactions that mature during adolescence, and how patterns of individual and developmental variation in subcortically-driven affective reactivity and prefrontal control abilities may indicate which individuals are at greatest risk for maladaptive health behaviors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: There is growing evidence that childhood and adolescence are critical times for development of the emotion regulatory abilities needed to adaptively balance affective impulses and the deleterious health behaviors they can promote. Using a combination of behavioral and functional imaging methods, this application aims to chart the development of the emotion regulatory mechanisms that enable us to rein in affective impulses and to relate these mechanisms to measures of the maladaptive health behaviors they can promote. The ultimate goal is to specify which individuals are at greatest risk for maladaptive health behaviors, at what age this risk is greatest, and which self-regulatory mechanisms could be targeted in future interventions (e.g. CBT) during particular points in the developmental course.

描述（由申请人提供）：在当今世界，保持健康并不容易。一方面，日常生活中的挑战和不确定性可能会造成损害，产生压力以及对焦虑和抑郁的敏感性，进而导致从心脏病到糖尿病等慢性身体疾病。另一方面，我们面临着通过吃美味但不健康的食物，或饮酒、吸烟或管制药物来立即满足的机会。无论一个人以这些方式行事是为了缓解不良情绪，还是因为他们本身就令人愉悦，当随着时间的推移体重控制、药物滥用或其他相关健康问题出现时，短期收益可能会变成长期痛苦。可以做些什么来改变这些不健康的行为呢？为了解决这个问题，本应用采用跨学科的方法，将社会、认知和情感神经科学的理论和方法与社会和发展心理学的理论和方法相结合。首要目标是了解神经机制的发展，这些机制使我们能够调节潜在不健康物质（例如增肥食物或药物）的食欲拉力，以及不愉快情绪的厌恶推动力，这些情绪可能会促使人们在日常生活中寻找这些物质。首位。我们的重点是从童年晚期到青春期这些机制的发展——这段时间对于这些自我调节能力的发展以及其背后的前额叶-皮层下相互作用的成熟至关重要。我们的前提是，除非我们了解情绪调节能力正常发展的边界条件和潜在机制，否则就不可能适当调整未来的干预措施——特别是对于可能产生最大影响的年龄范围和个人。为此，我们的应用程序有两个具体目标：目标 1 - 绘制支持童年和青春期行为改变的情绪调节机制的发展轨迹；目标 2 - 将目标 1 下收集的行为、生理和神经测量结果与健康和健康行为测量结果（包括 BMI 和物质使用）联系起来。为了实现这些目标，我们将弥合两个基本上独立的研究文献。第一个方法使用生态上有效的延迟满足任务，通过童年表现预测成年健康结果，例如体重指数和物质使用。第二个方法使用脑成像来识别注意力控制的神经基础和用于延迟满足和更普遍地调节情感冲动的重新评估策略。将这些方法与饮食失调、体重指数和物质使用的评估相结合，将使我们能够测试有关行为改变基本机制的新假设，包括它如何依赖于青春期成熟的一组核心前额叶-皮层下相互作用，以及如何皮层下驱动的情感反应和前额控制能力的个体和发育变异模式可能表明哪些个体最有适应不良健康行为的风险。公共卫生相关性：越来越多的证据表明，童年和青春期是发展情绪调节能力的关键时期，这种能力需要适应性地平衡情感冲动及其可能促进的有害健康行为。该应用程序结合行为和功能成像方法，旨在绘制情绪调节机制的发展图，使我们能够控制情感冲动，并将这些机制与它们可能促进的适应不良健康行为的测量联系起来。最终目标是明确哪些个体最有适应不良健康行为的风险，在什么年龄这种风险最大，以及在发展过程中的特定时刻，未来干预措施（例如 CBT）可以针对哪些自我调节机制。