Interpersonal Behaviors, Stress, and Addiction

人际行为、压力和成瘾

基本信息

批准号：
8258250
负责人：
EMILY B ANSELL
金额：
$ 18.13万
依托单位：
YALE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-04-15 至 2016-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8258250
关键词：
Accounting Addictive Behavior Affect Affective Alcohol abuse Alcohol consumption Alcohols Animal Model Animals Area Behavior Biological Biological Markers Biological Markers Cessation of life Chronic stress Clinical Consumption Corticotropin Country Data Analyses Development Dimensions Disease Distress Emotions Enrollment Environment Equation Event Expenditure Exposure to Five-Year Plans Food Frequencies Funding Future Goals Healthcare Heterogeneity Human Hydrocortisone Hyperphagia Individual Individual Differences Interdisciplinary Study Intervention K-Series Research Career Programs Link Mediation Mental disorders Mentors Methodology Methods Modality Modeling National Institute of Drug Abuse Neurobiology Outcome Participant Pathway interactions Phenotype Predisposition Process Protocols documentation Reading Relapse Reporting Research Research Project Grants Research Training Risk Role Sampling Scientist Secure Self-control as a personality trait Severities Social Behavior Social support Stress Testing Time Tobacco Tobacco use Training Training Activity United States National Institutes of Health Woman addiction biological adaptation to stress career experience follow-up hedonic human subject longitudinal course men novel programs prospective psychobiologic public health relevance response social social stress stressor theories trait two-dimensional

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award details a five- year plan that will enable the candidate to develop her career as independent clinical scientist with a programmatic line of research on interpersonal traits and behaviors, psychobiological models of stress, and addictive behaviors. The candidate draws on her background in interpersonal theory and assessment and integrates training in three new areas: (1) phenomenology and assessment of addictive behaviors; (2) psychobiological models of cumulative stress become; and (3) ecological momentary assessment methodology and data analysis. Training will include coursework and directed readings and will be facilitated by a team of interdisciplinary scientists with expertise in each of these training areas. In addition to mentored training activities, the candidate also proposes two research projects which will facilitate the application of new expertise into the examination of when and for whom specific interpersonal stressors and behaviors are associated with increased severity and frequency of addictive behaviors. In Study 1, the candidate will examine the longitudinal course of addictive behaviors by conducting a one year follow-up with a well-characterized sample of men and women. Aims of this study focus on the moderating influence of interpersonal factors with chronic stress levels, and biomarkers of altered HPA functioning, in predicting frequency and severity of addictive behaviors. In Study 2, the use of ecological momentary assessment will extend the prior studies findings to the microlevel examination of social behavior, affective response, and tobacco, alcohol, and overeating. This study will examine variability across time and context in interpersonal behaviors, affect, and addictive behaviors. These two research projects will assist in filling in specific gaps in understanding the heterogeneity of addiction course, specifically how social stress and individual differences negatively impact the course of addictive behaviors. This training and research plan will help the candidate secure future funding for this program of research and facilitate her development into an independent scientist. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This application has significant public health relevance. These proposed research projects will examine the role of vulnerability from interpersonal behaviors and stress on the use of three addictive substances: alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and overeating, which represent the top three causes of preventable death and disease in this country and account for more than 600 billion dollars in annual healthcare expenditures. Identifying individual differences which help explain the heterogeneity in vulnerability is extremely important for understanding mechanisms associated with risk, identifying preventative approaches with certain at risk groups, and implementing treatment matching in order to promote better longitudinal outcomes.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的指导临床科学家研究职业发展奖详细介绍了一个五年计划，该计划将使候选人能够发展其作为独立临床科学家的职业生涯，对人际特征和行为、心理生物学模型进行规划性研究。压力和成瘾行为。候选人利用她在人际理论和评估方面的背景，整合了三个新领域的培训：（1）现象学和成瘾行为评估； (2) 累积压力的心理生物学模型； (3)生态瞬时评价方法及数据分析。培训将包括课程作业和定向阅读，并将由在每个培训领域具有专业知识的跨学科科学家团队提供协助。除了指导培训活动外，候选人还提出了两个研究项目，这将有助于应用新的专业知识来检查特定的人际压力源和行为何时以及针对哪些人与成瘾行为的严重程度和频率增加相关。在研究 1 中，候选人将通过对特征明确的男性和女性样本进行一年的随访来检查成瘾行为的纵向过程。本研究的目的集中于人际因素对慢性压力水平的调节影响，以及 HPA 功能改变的生物标志物在预测成瘾行为的频率和严重程度方面的影响。在研究2中，生态瞬时评估的使用将先前的研究结果扩展到社会行为、情感反应以及烟草、酒精和暴饮暴食的微观层面上的检查。这项研究将考察人际行为、情感和成瘾行为随时间和环境的变化。这两个研究项目将有助于填补理解成瘾过程异质性的具体空白，特别是社会压力和个体差异如何对成瘾行为过程产生负面影响。该培训和研究计划将帮助候选人获得该研究项目的未来资金，并促进她发展成为一名独立科学家。公共卫生相关性：该应用程序具有重要的公共卫生相关性。这些拟议的研究项目将研究人际行为和压力对三种成瘾物质使用的脆弱性的作用：酗酒、吸烟和暴饮暴食，这三种成瘾物质代表了该国可预防的死亡和疾病的三大原因，并占更多原因。每年的医疗保健支出超过 6000 亿美元。识别有助于解释脆弱性异质性的个体差异对于理解与风险相关的机制、确定特定高危人群的预防方法以及实施治疗匹配以促进更好的纵向结果极其重要。