Electrocorticographic studies of human cortical function

人类皮质功能的皮质电图研究

• 批准号: 8331528
• 负责人: NATHAN E CRONE
• 金额: $ 35.16万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-15 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8331528
• 关键词: Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Area; Bayesian Prediction; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Mapping; Clinical; Code; Cognition; Cognitive Science; Complement; Electrocorticogram; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Etiology; Event; Exposure to; Feedback; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Funding; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Impaired cognition; Influentials; Lead; Learning; Lesion; Link; Maps; Measures; Medial; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Names; Neurons; Neurosciences; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Research; Site; Stimulus; Structure; Surgical Management; Techniques; Testing; Time; Variant; Visual; Work; base; cognitive system; early onset; improved; indexing; insight; neocortical; neural model; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A key unresolved question in cognitive and systems neuroscience is how repeated exposure to perceptual stimuli results in reduced neuronal responses (repetition suppression, or RS) but more efficient and rapid behavioral responses (behavioral priming) to the same stimuli. We will use subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) to elucidate the fine temporal dynamics of cortical activation and repetition suppression (Specific Aim 1), as well as the dynamics of event-related functional interactions (Specific Aim 2), during visual object naming. We will use these dynamics to test key predictions of competing models of the neural mechanisms of RS and how these mechanisms relate to behavioral priming. More specifically, we will test the hypothesis that RS and behavioral priming can be better explained by an "effective interaction" model in which behavioral priming arises from an increase in functional interactions between sites where RS is observed. For this purpose ECoG activation will be indexed by high frequency (gamma) oscillations, low frequency spectral perturbations, and ERPs. We will also use quantitative methods for measuring dynamic event-related causal interactions in gamma frequencies between ECoG recording sites, as well as other methods for analyzing integrative network activity. To further test our model (Specific Aim3), we will also use electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) to temporarily interfere with function at ECoG sites where RS and increased functional interactions were observed in Aims 1 and 2. We will test whether these transient functional "lesions" during initial stimulus exposure not only interfere with RS and increased functional interactions during repeated stimulus exposure, but also interfere with priming of naming latencies for repeated stimuli. This will be done to test the hypothesis that the RS and functional interactions predicted by our model are causally linked to behavioral priming. This project is expected to provide new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying RS and its association with behavioral priming, which is a fundamental mechanism of implicit learning and memory based on neocortical function, in contrast to hippocampal-dependent explicit memory. These insights will inform studies in cognitive psychology and functional neuroimaging that use RS and priming to probe the neural substrates of normal cognition, as well as cognitive impairments associated with cortical dysfunction, e.g. in Alzheimer's dementia. In addition, the research is expected to have a clinical impact in the surgical management of epilepsy by improving ECoG techniques for functional mapping. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The research plan will use EEG measures of human brain activity discovered in the previous funding period to investigate the mechanisms by which more exposure to perceptual stimuli result in reduced brain responses but more efficient and rapid behavioral responses to the same stimuli. To answer this question, we will study the temporal sequence by which brain areas are activated and interact with each other when humans name novel versus repeated visual objects. This research could lead to better methods for mapping brain function in patients undergoing surgical treatment for epilepsy.

描述（由申请人提供）：认知和系统神经科学中一个未解决的关键问题是，重复暴露于知觉刺激如何导致神经元反应减少（重复抑制，或RS），但对相同刺激的行为反应（行为启动）更加有效和快速。我们将使用硬膜下皮层电图 (ECoG) 来阐明视觉对象命名过程中皮层激活和重复抑制的精细时间动态（具体目标 1），以及与事件相关的功能相互作用的动态（具体目标 2）。我们将利用这些动力学来测试 RS 神经机制竞争模型的关键预测，以及这些机制与行为启动的关系。更具体地说，我们将测试这样的假设：RS 和行为启动可以通过“有效相互作用”模型得到更好的解释，其中行为启动是由于观察到 RS 的位点之间功能相互作用的增加而产生的。为此，ECoG 激活将通过高频（伽玛）振荡、低频频谱扰动和 ERP 进行索引。我们还将使用定量方法来测量 ECoG 记录站点之间伽马频率中动态事件相关的因果相互作用，以及分析综合网络活动的其他方法。为了进一步测试我们的模型（具体目标 3），我们还将使用皮层电刺激图 (ESM) 暂时干扰 ECoG 部位的功能，在目标 1 和 2 中观察到 RS 和增加的功能相互作用。我们将测试这些瞬态功能是否“初始刺激暴露期间的“损伤”不仅会干扰RS并增加重复刺激暴露期间的功能相互作用，而且还会干扰重复刺激的命名潜伏期的启动。这样做是为了检验我们的模型预测的 RS 和功能相互作用与行为启动存在因果关系的假设。该项目预计将为RS背后的神经机制及其与行为启动的关联提供新的见解，行为启动是基于新皮质功能的内隐学习和记忆的基本机制，与海马依赖性的外显记忆相反。这些见解将为认知心理学和功能性神经影像学研究提供信息，这些研究使用 RS 和启动来探测正常认知的神经基质，以及与皮质功能障碍相关的认知障碍，例如在阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症中。此外，该研究预计将通过改进功能映射的 ECoG 技术对癫痫的外科治疗产生临床影响。 公共健康相关性：该研究计划将使用上一个资助期间发现的人类大脑活动的脑电图测量来研究更多的感知刺激暴露会导致大脑反应减少，但对相同刺激的行为反应更有效和更快速的机制。为了回答这个问题，我们将研究当人类命名新奇与重复的视觉对象时大脑区域被激活并相互作用的时间序列。这项研究可能会带来更好的方法来绘制接受癫痫手术治疗的患者的大脑功能。