Electrocorticographic studies of human cortical function

人类皮质功能的皮质电图研究

• 批准号: 8331528
• 负责人: NATHAN E CRONE
• 金额: $ 35.16万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-15 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8331528
• 关键词: Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Area; Bayesian Prediction; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Mapping; Clinical; Code; Cognition; Cognitive Science; Complement; Electrocorticogram; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Etiology; Event; Exposure to; Feedback; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Funding; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Impaired cognition; Influentials; Lead; Learning; Lesion; Link; Maps; Measures; Medial; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Names; Neurons; Neurosciences; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Research; Site; Stimulus; Structure; Surgical Management; Techniques; Testing; Time; Variant; Visual; Work; base; cognitive system; early onset; improved; indexing; insight; neocortical; neural model; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A key unresolved question in cognitive and systems neuroscience is how repeated exposure to perceptual stimuli results in reduced neuronal responses (repetition suppression, or RS) but more efficient and rapid behavioral responses (behavioral priming) to the same stimuli. We will use subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) to elucidate the fine temporal dynamics of cortical activation and repetition suppression (Specific Aim 1), as well as the dynamics of event-related functional interactions (Specific Aim 2), during visual object naming. We will use these dynamics to test key predictions of competing models of the neural mechanisms of RS and how these mechanisms relate to behavioral priming. More specifically, we will test the hypothesis that RS and behavioral priming can be better explained by an "effective interaction" model in which behavioral priming arises from an increase in functional interactions between sites where RS is observed. For this purpose ECoG activation will be indexed by high frequency (gamma) oscillations, low frequency spectral perturbations, and ERPs. We will also use quantitative methods for measuring dynamic event-related causal interactions in gamma frequencies between ECoG recording sites, as well as other methods for analyzing integrative network activity. To further test our model (Specific Aim3), we will also use electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) to temporarily interfere with function at ECoG sites where RS and increased functional interactions were observed in Aims 1 and 2. We will test whether these transient functional "lesions" during initial stimulus exposure not only interfere with RS and increased functional interactions during repeated stimulus exposure, but also interfere with priming of naming latencies for repeated stimuli. This will be done to test the hypothesis that the RS and functional interactions predicted by our model are causally linked to behavioral priming. This project is expected to provide new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying RS and its association with behavioral priming, which is a fundamental mechanism of implicit learning and memory based on neocortical function, in contrast to hippocampal-dependent explicit memory. These insights will inform studies in cognitive psychology and functional neuroimaging that use RS and priming to probe the neural substrates of normal cognition, as well as cognitive impairments associated with cortical dysfunction, e.g. in Alzheimer's dementia. In addition, the research is expected to have a clinical impact in the surgical management of epilepsy by improving ECoG techniques for functional mapping. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The research plan will use EEG measures of human brain activity discovered in the previous funding period to investigate the mechanisms by which more exposure to perceptual stimuli result in reduced brain responses but more efficient and rapid behavioral responses to the same stimuli. To answer this question, we will study the temporal sequence by which brain areas are activated and interact with each other when humans name novel versus repeated visual objects. This research could lead to better methods for mapping brain function in patients undergoing surgical treatment for epilepsy.

描述（由申请人提供）：认知和系统神经科学中的一个关键尚未解决的问题是，反复暴露于感知刺激如何导致神经元反应减少（重复抑制或RS），但更有效，更有效，更快的行为反应（行为启动）对同一刺激。我们将使用下部的皮质摄影（ECOG）来阐明皮质激活和重复抑制的精细时间动力学（特定的目标1）以及事件相关功能相互作用的动力学（特定的AIM 2），在视觉对象命名期间。我们将使用这些动力学来测试RS神经机制的竞争模型的关键预测以及这些机制与行为启动的关系。更具体地说，我们将检验以下假设：RS和行为启动可以通过“有效相互作用”模型更好地解释，在该模型中，行为启动源于观察到RS的站点之间功能相互作用的增加。为此，ECOG激活将由高频（伽马）振荡，低频频谱扰动和ERP索引。我们还将使用定量方法来测量ECOG记录位点之间γ频率中的动态事件相关因果相互作用，以及分析整合网络活动的其他方法。要进一步测试我们的模型（特定目标3），我们还将使用皮质刺激映射（ESM）在AIM 1和2中观察到RS和功能相互作用增加的ECOG站点的功能暂时干扰功能。我们将测试这些短暂性功能“病变”是否在RS和RS中的互动中不仅在RES中的互动中是否在RS上进行了互动，但在RS中的互动中是否互动，并且在RS中的相互作用增加了，并且会在RS中互动，并且会逐渐互动，并且会逐渐互动，并且会互动互动，并且会在RS中互动，并且会逐渐互动，并且会在RS中互动，并且会在RS中互动互动，并且会在RS中互动，并且会互动的互动，并且会逐渐互动且彼此的互动术语，并且会在RS中的互动中互动，并且会导致逐出互动。用于重复的刺激。这将是为了检验以下假设：我们模型预测的RS和功能相互作用与行为启动有因果关系。预计该项目将提供有关RS潜在的神经机制及其与行为启动的关联的新见解，这是基于新皮质功能的隐性学习和记忆的基本机制，与海马依赖性的显式记忆相反。这些见解将为认知心理学和功能神经影像学的研究提供信息，这些研究使用RS和启动来探测正常认知的神经底物以及与皮质功能障碍相关的认知障碍，例如。在阿尔茨海默氏症的痴呆症中。此外，这项研究有望通过改进功能映射的ECOG技术来对癫痫的手术管理产生临床影响。 公共卫生相关性：研究计划将使用在上一个资金期间发现的人脑活动的脑电图测量，以研究更多暴露于感知刺激的机制，导致大脑反应减少，但对同一刺激的行为反应更有效，更快。为了回答这个问题，我们将研究大脑区域被激活并相互作用的时间顺序，当人类命名新颖的视觉对象与重复的视觉对象时相互作用。这项研究可能会导致更好地绘制接受癫痫手术治疗的患者脑功能的方法。