Systematics of medically important Dermacentor tick vectors

医学上重要的 Dermacentor 蜱载体的系统学

• 批准号: 8179788
• 负责人: Dmitry A Apanaskevich
• 金额: $ 32.75万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-08 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8179788
• 关键词: Animals; Applications Grants; Arthropods; Asians; Biology; Bite; Blood; Bovine Anaplasmosis; Classification; Colorado Tick Fever; Competence; Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever; Culicidae; DNA; Deposition; Dermacentor; Disease; Domestic Animals; Ecology; Epidemiology; Evolution; Family; Fever; Francisella tularensis; Genes; Geographic Distribution; Geographic Locations; Goals; Health Personnel; Human; Internet; Investigation; Ixodidae; Livestock; Maps; Medical; Methods; Mitochondria; Molecular; Monograph; Museums; North America; Nuclear; Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever; Organism; Paper; Paralysed; Phylogenetic Analysis; Phylogeny; Prevention; Recording of previous events; Research; Rickettsia; Rickettsia rickettsii; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; Scientist; Specimen; Staging; System; Testing; Theileriasis; Tick Control; Tick-Borne Diseases; Ticks; Time; Training; Trees; Tularemia; Typhus; Vertebrates; Virus; Wild Animals; Work; base; human disease; improved; pathogen; pet animal; tool; vector; Animals; Applications Grants; Arthropods; Asians; Biology; Bite; Blood; Bovine Anaplasmosis; Classification; Colorado Tick Fever; Competence; Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever; Culicidae; DNA; Deposition; Dermacentor; Disease; Domestic Animals; Ecology; Epidemiology; Evolution; Family; Fever; Francisella tularensis; Genes; Geographic Distribution; Geographic Locations; Goals; Health Personnel; Human; Internet; Investigation; Ixodidae; Livestock; Maps; Medical; Methods; Mitochondria; Molecular; Monograph; Museums; North America; Nuclear; Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever; Organism; Paper; Paralysed; Phylogenetic Analysis; Phylogeny; Prevention; Recording of previous events; Research; Rickettsia; Rickettsia rickettsii; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; Scientist; Specimen; Staging; System; Testing; Theileriasis; Tick Control; Tick-Borne Diseases; Ticks; Time; Training; Trees; Tularemia; Typhus; Vertebrates; Virus; Wild Animals; Work; base; human disease; improved; pathogen; pet animal; tool; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ticks are obligate blood-feeders and temporary ectoparasites of terrestrial vertebrates. Among arthropods, ticks are second only to mosquitoes in transmitting pathogens to humans, pets, livestock, and wild animals. Certain species of the genus Dermacentor are the most important tick-vectors from both the medical and veterinary perspectives; for example, they are vectors of Rickettsia rickettsii causing Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Rickettsia sibirica causing North Asian tick typhus; Rickettsia conori causing Boutenneuse fever; Francisella tularensis causing tularemia in humans; and pathogens causing anaplasmosis, babesioses, and theileriosis in animals. These species also transmit several viruses that cause human diseases. In North America, the bites of some species of Dermacentor can result in paralysis in humans and domestic animals. Correct identification of tick species, particularly in the immature stages, is essential for epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of tick-borne diseases. However, identifying Dermacentor species is challenging because we have no comprehensive work on their systematics; identifying the nymphal and larval stages is almost impossible due to the lack of taxonomic work. The overall objective of the proposed project is to develop a global-scale, comprehensive, and effective tool for identification of Dermacentor species, including their immature stages. This objective will be achieved through four specific aims: Aim 1. To produce a global-scale taxonomic revision of the genus Dermacentor; Aim 2. To produce tools to identify the immature stages of Dermacentor integrating all possible evidence; Aim 3. To develop a DNA barcode system for Dermacentor species; and Aim 4. To reconstruct a phylogeny for Dermacentor species using mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Impact. Identification of tick species is the first and essential step of study and management of tick- borne diseases. Conducted research on systematics of the Dermacentor ticks will allow better understanding of their ecology and geographic distribution which in turn will help in establishing and improving adequate methods of control these tick-vectors. Investigation of the evolutionary history of these ticks will help us to understand the evolution of vector competence and provide a strong basis for establishing a meaningful classification system. Our investigation will be the first of its kind and is fundamental to fulfilling our long-term goals, which are to produce comprehensive identification tools for all tick species of the family Ixodidae. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Ticks in the genus Dermacentor are important vectors of the organisms causing Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii), North Asian tick typhus (Rickettsia sibirica), Boutenneuse fever (Rickettsia conori), tularemia (Francisella tularensis), Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Colorado tick fever, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in humans. Identifying tick species correctly is an essential task for the study of tick vector biology and for the prevention and treatment of tick-borne diseases, but often a challenge work even for a well trained expert. This grant proposal is to develop effective identification tools for the Dermacentor ticks, which intergrade molecular, morphological, host, ecological, geographic, and vector information together and can be used by scientists and professionals in the fields of vector biology and tick-borne diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：tick是陆地脊椎动物的强制性血液进料器和临时外寄生虫。在节肢动物中，壁虱仅次于将病原体传播给人类，宠物，牲畜和野生动物的蚊子。从医学和兽医角度来看，皮肤中心的某些物种是最重要的tick媒介。例如，它们是立克赛车的载体，引起了落基山的发烧。立克西比里卡（Sibirica）造成北亚壁虱斑疹伤寒；立克康罗里（Conori）引起boutenneuse fever； francisella tularensis引起人类的tular症；和病原体引起动物的肿瘤，babe虫和破坏性病。这些物种还传播了引起人类疾病的几种病毒。在北美，某些物种的叮咬可能导致人类和家畜瘫痪。正确识别壁虱物种，特别是在未成熟阶段，对于流行病学，预防和治疗tick传播疾病至关重要。但是，识别皮肤中心物种是具有挑战性的，因为我们对它们的系统学没有全面的工作。由于缺乏分类工作，几乎不可能确定若虫和幼虫阶段。拟议项目的总体目标是开发一种全球规模，全面和有效的工具，用于鉴定皮肤化物种，包括其未成熟阶段。这一目标将通过四个特定的目的来实现：目标1。进行皮肤化属的全球尺度分类修订；目标2。生产工具来确定整合所有可能证据的皮肤中心的未成熟阶段；目的3。开发针对皮肤中心物种的DNA条形码系统；目标4。使用线粒体和核基因重建针对皮肤中心物种的系统发育。影响。 tick物种的识别是研究和管理壁虱传播疾病的第一个也是必不可少的步骤。对Dermacentor Ticks的系统学进行了研究，将使他们的生态和地理分布更好地理解，这反过来又有助于建立和改善适当的控制这些壁虱向量的方法。对这些壁虱的进化历史的调查将有助于我们了解向量能力的演变，并为建立有意义的分类系统提供了强有力的基础。我们的调查将是第一个此类调查，并且是实现我们的长期目标的基础，这些目标是为ixodidae家族的所有壁虱物种生成全面的识别工具。 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Ticks in the genus Dermacentor are important vectors of the organisms causing Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii), North Asian tick typhus (Rickettsia sibirica), Boutenneuse fever (Rickettsia conori), tularemia (Francisella tularensis), Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Colorado tick fever, and人类的克里米亚 - 康戈出血热。正确识别壁虱物种是研究tick矢量生物学以及预防和治疗tick传播疾病的必不可少的任务，但即使对于训练有素的专家来说，挑战也常常是挑战工作。该赠款提案是为皮肤中心壁虱开发有效的识别工具，该工具介绍了分子，形态学，宿主，生态，地理和矢量信息，并可以在媒介生物学和tick虫疾病领域的科学家和专业人士一起使用。