Antarctic Deep Water Rates of Export (ANDREX)

南极深水出口费率 (ANDREX)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/E013538/1
负责人：
Alberto Naveira Garabato
金额：
$ 58.69万
依托单位：
University of East Anglia
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2008 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FE013538%2F1
关键词：
Antarctic Deep Water Rates Export

项目摘要

The Earth's climate is changing, as it has done in the past. One of the great challenges faced by scientists today is to understand the causes and consequences of these changes. The way many scientists seek this understanding is by running computer-based climate simulations that mimic the complex interactions between the ocean, atmosphere, ice and living beings that are thought to be responsible for driving climate change. It is partly thanks to these simulations that we now know that ocean circulation plays a key role in modulating climate. One of the most important elements of ocean circulation is what scientists know as the 'meridional overturning circulation' (MOC). This term describes the cooling and resulting sinking of surface water masses in high-latitude regions, their journey through the deep ocean and their eventual warming and return to the surface, after many decades or centuries. The MOC is important to climate because the water masses involved in this long circuit through the ocean carry with them heat, carbon and other significant subtances such as plant nutrients, which in this way are distributed around the planet and locked away in the deep ocean for long periods of time. One of the stages of the MOC that puzzles scientists the most, and one of the most uncertain processes in climate simulations, is the formation near the Antarctic continent of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). AABW is the water mass that fills the deepest layers of the MOC, flushing the global ocean abyss and sequestering carbon and nutrients in the deep ocean. Yet in spite of its key place in the MOC and climate, AABW is surrounded by many basic questions. This is because AABW is formed in remote regions that are only rarely visited by oceanographic ships. As a result, we currently know little about how much AABW is formed, how it is exported from the Antarctic seas to the rest of the world ocean, and what quantity of carbon and nutrients is carried by AABW into the global ocean abyss. In order to begin answering these questions, we plan to conduct an experiment in which we will measure the rate of AABW production and export, and the associated transports of carbon and nutrients, in the Weddell gyre. This is an oval-shaped current that occupies the southern rim of the South Atlantic and Southwest Indian oceans, and is believed to be the main region in which AABW is formed. We will do this by (1) measuring the distributions of temperature, salinity, current velocity, dissolved gases, nutrients and carbon along the northern rim of the Weddell gyre; and (2) teaming up with two groups of American and German scientists that will make similar measurements along the eastern rim of the gyre and across the gyre's southwestern corner, respectively. We will use this unprecedented richness of observations to construct a budget of the water masses, carbon and nutrients entering and leaving the Weddell gyre. In this way, we will be able to answer key questions such as 'How much AABW is formed in the Weddell gyre?' and 'What quantity of carbon and nutrients is locked away by this AABW into the global ocean abyss?'. Our answers to these questions will serve as a benchmark to evaluate the skill of state-of-the-art climate and ocean models, and to identify future climate change.

地球的气候正在发生变化，就像过去一样。当今科学家面临的巨大挑战之一是了解这些变化的原因和后果。许多科学家寻求这种理解的方式是运行基于计算机的气候模拟，模拟海洋、大气、冰和生物之间复杂的相互作用，这些相互作用被认为是导致气候变化的原因。部分归功于这些模拟，我们现在知道海洋环流在调节气候方面发挥着关键作用。海洋环流最重要的因素之一就是科学家所说的“经向翻转环流”（MOC）。该术语描述了高纬度地区地表水团的冷却和由此导致的下沉，它们穿过深海的旅程，以及在数十年或数百年后最终变暖并返回表面。 MOC 对气候很重要，因为穿过海洋的漫长循环中涉及的水团携带热量、碳和其他重要物质（例如植物养分），通过这种方式分布在地球各地并锁定在深海中，以供长期使用。很长一段时间。 MOC最让科学家困惑的阶段之一，也是气候模拟中最不确定的过程之一，是南极大陆附近南极底水（AABW）的形成。 AABW 是填充 MOC 最深层的水团，冲刷全球海洋深渊并在深海中封存碳和营养物质。然而，尽管 AABW 在 MOC 和气候方面发挥着关键作用，但它仍面临许多基本问题。这是因为 AABW 形成于海洋考察船很少访问的偏远地区。因此，我们目前对AABW的形成量、它如何从南极海域输出到世界其他海洋以及AABW携带多少碳和营养物质进入全球海洋深渊知之甚少。为了开始回答这些问题，我们计划进行一项实验，测量威德尔环流中 AABW 的生产和出口率，以及相关的碳和营养物质的运输。这是一个椭圆形洋流，占据南大西洋和西南印度洋的南缘，被认为是形成 AABW 的主要区域。我们将通过（1）测量威德尔环流北缘的温度、盐度、流速、溶解气体、营养物和碳的分布来做到这一点； (2) 与美国和德国科学家组成的两组合作，分别沿着环流东缘和横跨环流西南角进行类似的测量。我们将利用这种前所未有的丰富观测数据来构建进出威德尔环流的水团、碳和营养物的预算。通过这种方式，我们将能够回答诸如“威德尔环流中形成了多少 AABW？”等关键问题。以及“这种 AABW 将多少碳和营养物质锁定在全球海洋深渊中？”。我们对这些问题的回答将作为评估最先进的气候和海洋模型技能以及识别未来气候变化的基准。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Carbon dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean

南大洋威德尔环流的碳动力学

DOI：
http://dx.10.1002/2014gb005006
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Brown P
通讯作者：
Brown P

Reframing the carbon cycle of the subpolar Southern Ocean.

重塑南大洋副极地的碳循环。

DOI：
http://dx.10.1126/sciadv.aav6410
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Science advances
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
MacGilchrist GA
通讯作者：
MacGilchrist GA

Dense waters of the Weddell and Scotia Seas: recent changes in properties and circulation.

威德尔海和斯科舍海的稠密水域：性质和环流的最新变化。

DOI：
http://dx.10.1098/rsta.2013.0041
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Meredith MP
通讯作者：
Meredith MP

The thermodynamic balance of the Weddell Gyre

威德尔环流的热力学平衡

DOI：
http://dx.10.1002/2015gl066658
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
Geophysical Research Letters
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Naveira Garabato A
通讯作者：
Naveira Garabato A

Freshwater fluxes in the Weddell Gyre: results from d18O.

威德尔环流中的淡水通量：d18O 的结果。

DOI：
http://dx.10.1098/rsta.2013.0298
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Brown PJ
通讯作者：
Brown PJ