INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND ECONOMIC STATUS

对健康和经济状况的制度影响

• 批准号: 7903151
• 负责人: ARTHUR KAPTEYN
• 金额: $ 33.16万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7903151
• 关键词: Age; Austria; Classification; Country; Data; Data Set; Denmark; Dimensions; Econometric Models; Education; Europe; Event; France; Gap Junctions; Germany; Goals; Greece; Hand; Health; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Systems; Income; Institution; Italy; Light; Link; Marketing; Measures; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Netherlands; Occupations; Older Population; Patient Self-Report; Pensions; Policies; Research; Risk; Role; Shapes; Simulate; Social Welfare; Socioeconomic Status; Spain; Speed; Sweden; Switzerland; Testing; Theoretical model; Unemployment; United Kingdom; United States; Walking; demographics; disability; grasp; health economics; instrument

A vast body of research confirms the strong relation between health and socio-economic status (SES). Research has extensively explored the various causal links that may connect SES and health. Although it is clear that a positive relation between SES and health is present in a variety of countries, it is much less clear how policy, culture, and institutional setting may influence the relation between health and SES. This is of eminent importance if one wants to devise policies that mitigate the link between SES and health, for instance. The primary aim of this project is to investigate the health-SES nexus in a systematic cross country comparison using comparable data from twelve different countries (United States, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Denmark, The Netherlands, Sweden, Greece, Switzerland, and Austria) taking advantage of recently and soon-to-be-collected cross-nationally comparable data sets. To do so we take a number of steps. We construct theoretical models that provide a framework for analysis of the SES-Health relationship and in particular for the role of institutions in shaping that relationship. We devise and implement several methods to make health measures comparable across countries, including the use of vignettes to adjust self-reports of health and the use of objective health measures like grip strength and walking speed tests. We build and test formal models for the correction of health measures across countries to make them comparable. With these instruments in hand we provide evidence for (or against) various stylised facts that follow from the theoretical models. Next we estimate various econometric models in order of increasing complexity with the goal of quantifying the SES-Health nexus and how it is influenced by institutions. Finally we simulate counterfactuals to quantify the effects of policies on the nature and strength of the health-SES nexus.

大量研究证实健康与社会经济地位 (SES) 之间存在密切关系。研究广泛探索了社会经济地位与健康之间可能存在的各种因果关系。尽管很明显，许多国家都存在社会经济地位与健康之间的正相关关系，但政策、文化和制度环境如何影响健康与社会经济地位之间的关系还不太清楚。例如，如果有人想要制定减轻社会经济地位与健康之间联系的政策，这一点就显得尤为重要。该项目的主要目的是使用来自 12 个不同国家（美国、德国、法国、西班牙、意大利、英国、丹麦、荷兰、瑞典、希腊）的可比数据，通过系统性跨国比较来调查健康与社会经济地位之间的关系、瑞士和奥地利） 利用最近和即将收集的跨国可比数据集。为此，我们采取了一些步骤。我们构建了理论模型，为以下方面提供了框架： 分析社会经济地位与健康的关系，特别是机构在塑造这种关系方面的作用 关系。我们设计并实施了多种方法，使各国的健康指标具有可比性，包括使用小插图来调整健康自我报告，以及使用握力和步行速度测试等客观健康指标。我们建立并测试了用于校正各国健康措施的正式模型，以使它们具有可比性。有了这些工具，我们就可以提供支持（或反对）理论模型得出的各种程式化事实的证据。接下来，我们按照复杂性增加的顺序估计各种计量经济学模型，目的是量化社会经济地位与健康的关系及其如何受到机构的影响。最后，我们模拟反事实来量化政策对健康与社会经济地位关系的性质和强度的影响。