Marine geophysical and geological investigations of past flow and stability of a major Greenland ice stream in the Late Quaternary

对格陵兰岛晚第四纪主要冰流过去流动和稳定性的海洋地球物理和地质调查

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    NE/D001986/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 27.69万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2007 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Recent observations from around the Greenland Ice Sheet have shown that the fast flowing glaciers - 'ice streams' - which drain the ice sheet into the sea are thinning, speeding up and in some cases their floating margins are disintegrating. It is unknown if this is part of a natural cycle or if it is a response to human-induced climate change. The ice streams are important because they are responsible for most of ice discharged from the Greenland Ice Sheet today and would have played a similar important role in the past. If ice-stream velocities increase, more ice will be delivered to the oceans around Greenland, and as a consequence global sea level will rise. Ice streams are the main mechanism by which icebergs and meltwater are delivered to the ocean. They therefore affect ocean circulation and climate. Computer simulations of the effects of melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet on the North Atlantic have shown that the freshwater runoff produced by this melting could seriously weaken or even stop the thermohaline circulation which is ultimately responsible for the relatively mild climate of much of western Europe. It is therefore important to understand if these changes to the Greenland Ice Sheet are unique to the present day or if similar changes have occurred to Greenland ice streams in the 'recent' geological past of the Late Quaternary (last 50,000 years or so) i.e., prior to any possible human-influence on climate. It is also important to understand what controls the fast flow of such ice streams and what might cause them to speed up or slow down. In this project we propose to address the question of the past behaviour of one of the major ice streams to drain the modern Greenland Ice Sheet: Jakobshavns Isbrae in central west Greenland. Jakobshavns Isbrae is the fastest ice stream in the Greenland Ice Sheet today. It flows at several kilometres per year and accounts for about 7% of the total ice drained from the ice sheet. It therefore exerts a major influence on the ice sheet today and would likely have had a similar influence in the past. Our overall scientific goal in this project is to reconstruct the behaviour of Jakobshavns Isbrae during the Late Quaternary period and particularly since about 20,000 years before present. We will collect marine geophysical data and cores of sea-bed sediments from offshore of Jakobshavns Isbrae in order to answer questions regarding how long this ice stream has been in existence; what were it's dimensions during past glaciations; when and how rapidly did it last retreat from the continental shelf of Greenland; what are the processes responsible for the high flow velocities of this ice stream and what are the major controls on it's location; what is the nature of sedimentation associated with Jakobshavns Isbrae; and has it undergone large-scale collapse prior to modern times. The results from this project will significantly advance scientific understanding in the following areas: (1) The behaviour of Jakobshavns Isbrae - a major ice stream of the Greenland Ice Sheet / in the recent geological past (last 50,000 years) and its role in the evolution of the ice sheet as a whole during this period. In particular if Jakobshavns Isbrae has experienced past episodes of large-scale disintegration analogous to those occurring around Greenland today; (2) The mechanisms by which ice streams flow fast; (3) The factors that cause ice streams to form and to stop; (4) The nature of sediments beneath ice streams and the relationship of these sediments to the high velocities of ice streams. These results will be highly relevant to workers in the related fields of glaciology, oceanography, and climate modelling.
格陵兰冰盖周围的最新观察结果表明,将冰盖排入海中的快速流动冰川 - “冰流”正在变薄,加快了速度,在某些情况下,它们的浮边缘正在瓦解。未知这是否是自然周期的一部分,还是对人类引起的气候变化的反应。冰流很重要,因为它们负责今天从格陵兰冰盖中释放出的大部分冰,并且在过去会发挥类似的重要作用。如果冰流速度增加,将会将更多的冰送到格陵兰周围的海洋,结果全球海平面将上升。冰流是将冰山和融水传递到海洋的主要机制。因此,它们会影响海洋循环和气候。计算机模拟了格陵兰冰盖在北大西洋上熔化的影响,表明这种熔化产生的淡水径流可能会严重削弱甚至阻止热盐循环,这最终是西欧大部分地区相对温和气候的原因。因此,重要的是要了解格陵兰冰盖的这些变化是否是当今独有的,或者在季季晚期(最近50,000年左右)的“最近”地质过去发生的格陵兰冰流发生了类似的变化。在对气候的任何可能的人类影响之前。了解是什么控制了这种冰流的快速流以及是什么可能导致它们加快或放慢速度。在这个项目中,我们建议解决耗尽现代格陵兰冰盖的主要冰流的过去行为的问题:西部格陵兰中部的Jakobshavns Isbrae。 Jakobshavns Isbrae是当今格陵兰冰盖中最快的冰流。它每年以几公里的速度流动,约占从冰盖上排出的冰的7%。因此,它对当今的冰盖产生了重大影响,过去可能会产生类似的影响。我们在该项目中的总体科学目标是在第四纪晚期重建Jakobshavns Isbrae的行为,尤其是从现在开始大约20,000年以来。我们将收集来自Jakobshavns Isbrae离岸的海床沉积物的海洋物理数据和核心,以回答有关这种冰流已经存在多长时间的问题;过去的冰川时期是什么尺寸?它是何时何地从格陵兰岛大陆架子撤退的何时又有多快的速度;哪些过程导致该冰流的高流速速度以及其位置的主要控件是什么?与Jakobshavns Isbrae相关的沉积性质是什么?并在现代之前发生了大规模崩溃。该项目的结果将大大提高以下领域的科学理解:(1)Jakobshavns Isbrae的行为 - 格陵兰冰盖的主要冰流 /最近的地质过去(过去50,000年)及其在进化中的作用在此期间的整个冰盖。特别是,如果Jakobshavns Isbrae经历了过去的大规模瓦解,类似于当今格陵兰周围发生的大规模瓦解; (2)冰流快速流动的机制; (3)导致冰流形成并停止的因素; (4)冰流下的沉积物的性质以及这些沉积物与冰流的高速度的关系。这些结果将与冰川学,海洋学和气候建模相关领域的工人高度相关。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Introduction: an $\textit{Atlas of Submarine Glacial Landforms}$
简介:$ extit{海底冰川地貌图集}$
  • DOI:
    10.17863/cam.8629
  • 发表时间:
    2016
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Dowdeswell J
  • 通讯作者:
    Dowdeswell J
Evidence for full-glacial flow and retreat of the Late Weichselian Ice Sheet from the waters around Kong Karls Land, eastern Svalbard
晚威克塞尔冰盖从斯瓦尔巴群岛东部孔卡尔斯地周围水域全冰川流动和退缩的证据
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.026
  • 发表时间:
    2010
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4
  • 作者:
    Hogan K
  • 通讯作者:
    Hogan K
Deglaciation of a major palaeo-ice stream in Disko Trough, West Greenland
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.01.018
  • 发表时间:
    2016-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4
  • 作者:
    Hogan, Kelly A.;Cofaigh, Colm O.;Hiemstra, John F.
  • 通讯作者:
    Hiemstra, John F.
Paleoenvironments during Younger Dryas- E arly Holocene retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet from outer Disko Trough, central west Greenland
新仙女木期的古环境——全新世早期格陵兰冰盖从格陵兰岛中西部迪斯科海槽外撤退
An extensive and dynamic ice sheet on the West Greenland shelf during the last glacial cycle
  • DOI:
    10.1130/g33759.1
  • 发表时间:
    2013-02-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.8
  • 作者:
    Cofaigh, C. O.;Dowdeswell, J. A.;Moros, M.
  • 通讯作者:
    Moros, M.
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Colm O'Cofaigh其他文献

Colm O'Cofaigh的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Colm O'Cofaigh', 18)}}的其他基金

Assessing ocean-forced, marine-terminating glacier change in Greenland during climatic warm periods and its impact on marine productivity (Kang-Glac)
评估气候温暖时期格陵兰岛受海洋驱动、海洋终止的冰川变化及其对海洋生产力的影响 (Kang-Glac)
  • 批准号:
    NE/V007289/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.69万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
BRITICE-CHRONO: Constraining rates and style of marine influenced ice sheet decay
BRITICE-CHRONO:受海洋影响的冰盖衰变的约束速率和类型
  • 批准号:
    NE/J007196/1
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.69万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Understanding marine ice stream retreat using numerical modelling and geophysical data
使用数值模型和地球物理数据了解海洋冰流消退
  • 批准号:
    NE/G015430/1
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.69万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Doctoral Training Grant (DTG) to provide funding for 2 PhD Studentships
博士培训补助金 (DTG) 为 2 名博士生提供资助
  • 批准号:
    NE/H524614/1
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.69万
  • 项目类别:
    Training Grant
Marine geophysical and geological investigations of past flow and stability of a major Greenland ice stream in the Late Quaternary
对格陵兰岛晚第四纪主要冰流过去流动和稳定性的海洋地球物理和地质调查
  • 批准号:
    NE/D001951/1
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.69万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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相似海外基金

Marine geophysical and geological investigations of past flow and stability of a major Greenland ice stream in the Late Quaternary
对格陵兰岛晚第四纪主要冰流过去流动和稳定性的海洋地球物理和地质调查
  • 批准号:
    NE/D001951/1
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.69万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Single channel hydrophone streamer for marine geological and geophysical studies
用于海洋地质和地球物理研究的单通道水听器拖缆
  • 批准号:
    186656-1996
  • 财政年份:
    1996
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.69万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Tools and Instruments - Category 1 (<$150,000)
Regional Synthesis of Marine Geological and Geophysical Dataof the Circum-Antarctic Region
环南极地区海洋地质和地球物理数据区域综合
  • 批准号:
    8200239
  • 财政年份:
    1982
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.69万
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A Proposal For Support of Marine Geological and Geophysical Data Management Workshops
支持海洋地质和地球物理数据管理研讨会的提案
  • 批准号:
    7724270
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    1977
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Analysis of Marine Geological and Geophysical Data From the Rio Grande Rise
里奥格兰德隆起的海洋地质和地球物理数据分析
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    7609006
  • 财政年份:
    1976
  • 资助金额:
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