Modelling of atmospheric oxidants and aerosols: deposition, emission and chemical transformation / QUEST

大气氧化剂和气溶胶建模：沉积、排放和化学转化 / QUEST

• 批准号: NE/C001648/1
• 负责人: John Adrian Pyle
• 金额: $ 33.31万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FC001648%2F1
• 关键词: Modelling; atmospheric; oxidants; aerosols; deposition

The earth system is comprised of a large number of interacting components. For example, the atmosphere is controlled not just by processes occurring in situ but also by fluxes of energy and a variety of chemical species from the land and ocean surfaces. Similarly, atmospheric composition also depends on deposition to the earth surface. Furthermore, these processes are all likely to change with the climate state. It is only recently that detailed chemical schemes have been included in the best climate models. Coupling between land surface processes (emissions, deposition, etc.) and the chemistry/climate system has been introduced into numerical models, albeit somewhat simplified. These latter interactions could however be very important for composition and climate. The time in now right for a major UK initiative within NERC's QUEST programme, to study the role of surface processes on atmospheric oxidizing capacity and aerosol loading, building on an initiative already underway between the Met Office and the NERC Centres for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) to develop a new community model, UKCA, to study the interaction between climate and composition (gas phase composition and aerosols). This proposal addresses that task. Our proposal brings together relevant UK expertise with four main foci. These are (1) the development and testing of chemistry and aerosol schemes to include in a climate model, (2) the development and testing of a range of schemes to describe (interactively wherever possible) surface emissions of reactive trace gases, (3) the development and testing of new surface deposition schemes, and (4) implementation of these schemes into the climate model which will be used to look at climate-related variability of the model system for the immediate past and the near future. This will allow the interaction between changing climate and surface emissions with full description of the feedbacks occurring within this system. Changes in the output of the climate model will affect emissions directly, as changes in temperature, soil moisture and light intensity have direct effects on the emission rates of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These emissions (for example, the strongly temperature-dependent isoprene emissions) can affect oxidizing capacity, and hence tropospheric OH and so the concentration of reactive greenhouse gases, including ozone, thereby completing the feedback loop. Second-order effects may also be important, for example, changes insoil moisture or elevated ground level ozone may also alter VOC emission rates. Our study will allow these chemistry/climate feedback processes to be assessed in studies covering the last century and the coming century.

地球系统由大量相互作用的组件组成。例如，大气不仅受到原位发生的过程的控制，还受到来自陆地和海洋表面的能量通量和各种化学物质的控制。同样，大气成分也取决于地球表面的沉积。此外，这些过程都可能随着气候状态而变化。直到最近，详细的化学方案才被纳入最佳气候模型中。地表过程（排放、沉积等）与化学/气候系统之间的耦合已被引入数值模型中，尽管有所简化。然而，后面这些相互作用对于成分和气候可能非常重要。现在是 NERC QUEST 计划中一项英国重大举措的时机，该举措以英国气象局和 NERC 大气科学中心 (NCAS) 之间已经开展的一项举措为基础，研究表面过程对大气氧化能力和气溶胶负荷的作用开发一个新的社区模型 UKCA，以研究气候和成分（气相成分和气溶胶）之间的相互作用。本提案解决了该任务。我们的提案汇集了英国的相关专业知识，有四个主要重点。这些是（1）开发和测试化学和气溶胶方案以纳入气候模型，（2）开发和测试一系列方案来描述（尽可能以交互方式）反应性痕量气体的表面排放，（3）开发和测试新的表面沉积方案，以及（4）将这些方案实施到气候模型中，该模型将用于研究模型系统在不久的过去和不久的将来与气候相关的变化。这将允许气候变化和地表排放之间的相互作用，并充分描述该系统内发生的反馈。气候模型输出的变化将直接影响排放，因为温度、土壤湿度和光照强度的变化对生物挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的排放率有直接影响。这些排放（例如，强烈依赖于温度的异戊二烯排放）会影响氧化能力，从而影响对流层 OH 以及反应性温室气体（包括臭氧）的浓度，从而完成反馈回路。二阶效应也可能很重要，例如，土壤湿度的变化或地面臭氧升高也可能改变 VOC 排放率。我们的研究将允许在涵盖上个世纪和下个世纪的研究中评估这些化学/气候反馈过程。