Ambient Air Toxics and Adverse Birth Outcomes

环境空气毒性和不良出生结果

• 批准号: 7749053
• 负责人: Michelle Wilhelm Turner
• 金额: $ 7.12万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-15 至 2010-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7749053
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Benzene; Biological; Biological Monitoring; Birth; Birth Certificates; California; Carbon Monoxide; Child health care; Childhood; Cohort Studies; County; Coupled; Data; Data Sources; Developing Countries; Diabetes Mellitus; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Future; Government; Growth; Health; Home environment; Human Development; Infant; Link; Los Angeles; Low Birth Weight Infant; Measurement; Measures; Metals; Metric; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Motor Vehicles; National Children' s Study; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Outcome Study; Pattern; Pilot Projects; Population; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnant Women; Premature Birth; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Site; Source; Toxin; Tracer; Travel; Variant; Vehicle Emissions; Woman; air monitoring; base; cardiovascular disorder risk; case control; cohort; density; exhaust; improved; in utero; interest; land use; metropolitan; mortality; particle; pollutant; prenatal exposure; public health relevance; trafficking; Accounting; Adult; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Benzene; Biological; Biological Monitoring; Birth; Birth Certificates; California; Carbon Monoxide; Child health care; Childhood; Cohort Studies; County; Coupled; Data; Data Sources; Developing Countries; Diabetes Mellitus; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Future; Government; Growth; Health; Home environment; Human Development; Infant; Link; Los Angeles; Low Birth Weight Infant; Measurement; Measures; Metals; Metric; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Motor Vehicles; National Children' s Study; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Outcome Study; Pattern; Pilot Projects; Population; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnant Women; Premature Birth; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Site; Source; Toxin; Tracer; Travel; Variant; Vehicle Emissions; Woman; air monitoring; base; cardiovascular disorder risk; case control; cohort; density; exhaust; improved; in utero; interest; land use; metropolitan; mortality; particle; pollutant; prenatal exposure; public health relevance; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): There is growing evidence that some air pollution constituents perturb fetal development. Some studies point to motor vehicle exhaust pollutants specifically as causative agents of interest. However, to date almost all existing studies have focused on criteria air pollutants (CO, NOx, particles, SO2) rather than specific air toxics and have used data from existing government air monitors to assess exposure. These air monitoring data are unlikely to adequately capture the effects of primary motor vehicle exhaust pollutants whose concentrations vary based on proximity to sources. Land use-based regression (LUR) models are an attractive alternative to assess exhaust toxin exposures, since they can be applied to large populations and account for neighborhood- scale variations in pollutant concentrations. Thus, the specific aims of this study are to: (1) examine associations between prenatal exposure to motor vehicle air toxics and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth in women residing in Los Angeles County, California between 1994-2006 using both ambient measurement data and LUR models; and (2) gain information about how LUR models built on NOx measurements reflect exposures to specific toxins thought to have biological relevance for these outcomes. Specifically, using existing data sources, we will examine associations between the exhaust toxins polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, and metals and adverse birth outcomes in an epidemiologic cohort study. We will assess pregnancy-specific exposures to these compounds using a unique resource of air toxics monitoring data from existing government networks coupled with special measurement studies recently conducted in LA. We will also apply LUR models we are currently developing for the LA Basin based on NOx measurements (as a tracer for vehicle exhaust) to obtain more spatially refined exposure metrics. Using data from a nested case-control sample of LA County births we previously collected in 2003, we will also examine confounding of air pollution effect estimates by a large number of risk factors for which information is not available on birth certificates. These data will also allow us to examine exposure misclassification due to mobility during pregnancy. The proposed study will contribute significantly to understanding the spatial patterns of motor vehicle toxin exposure among pregnant women in LA County, a region heavily polluted by vehicular emissions. Information will be generated on the association between NOx-based traffic pollutant models, increasingly used in health effects assessment, and measured air toxics concentrations. Most important, we expect the findings to enhance our understanding of whether motor vehicle air toxics are the primary drivers of associations between fetal development and criteria air pollutants (CO and particles) observed in previous studies. If the proposed pilot study is able to pinpoint specific toxins of greater relevance to birth outcomes, future research using personal and biomonitoring would be able to target these compounds. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Perturbations of fetal development, including preterm and low weight birth, elevate the risk of mortality and morbidity in childhood, and may also impact health in adulthood increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The expected growth in motor vehicle usage in both developed and developing countries underscore the public health relevance of traffic sources of air pollution and their impact on fetal development.

描述（由研究人员提供）：越来越多的证据表明某些空气污染成分扰动胎儿发育。一些研究指出，机动车排气污染物特别是感兴趣的因果剂。但是，迄今为止，几乎所有现有的研究都集中在标准空气污染物（CO，NOX，颗粒，SO2），而不是特定的空气毒理学，并使用了现有的政府空中监视器的数据来评估暴露。这些空气监测数据不太可能充分捕获主要的机动车辆排气污染物的影响，这些污染物的浓度根据靠近来源而变化。基于土地利用的回归（LUR）模型是评估排气毒素暴露的有吸引力的替代方法，因为它们可以应用于大量人群，并说明污染物浓度的邻居规模变化。因此，这项研究的具体目的是：（1）研究在1994 - 2006年之间使用环境测量数据和LUR模型之间在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县居住在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县的妇女中，与汽车空气毒物的暴露与低出生体重（LBW）之间的关联； （2）获取有关在NOX测量上建立的LUR模型的信息，这反映出对被认为对这些结果具有生物学相关性的特定毒素的暴露。具体而言，使用现有的数据源，我们将在一项流行病学人群研究中研究排气毒素多环芳烃（PAHS），苯和金属和不良出生结果之间的关联。我们将使用独特的空气毒理学资源来评估这些化合物的特定于怀孕的暴露，从现有政府网络中的数据以及最近在LA中进行的特殊测量研究结合使用。我们还将根据NOX测量值（作为车辆排气的示踪剂）采用目前正在为LA盆地开发的LUR模型，以获得更多的空间完善暴露指标。利用我们先前在2003年收集的LA县出生的嵌套病例对照样本的数据，我们还将通过大量的风险因素来检查空气污染效应估计的混杂估计，这些风险因素在出生证书上无法获得信息。这些数据还将使我们能够检查由于怀孕期间的流动性而导致的暴露分类错误。拟议的研究将有助于理解洛杉矶县孕妇的机动车毒素暴露的空间模式，洛杉矶县是由车辆排放污染的地区。将对基于NOX的交通污染物模型之间的关联产生信息，越来越多地用于健康效应评估，并测量了空气毒物浓度。最重要的是，我们希望这些发现能够增强我们对汽车空气毒物是否是胎儿发育与标准空气污染物（CO和颗粒）之间关联的主要驱动因素（CO和颗粒）。如果拟议的试点研究能够确定与出生结果更相关的特定毒素，那么未来使用个人和生物监测的研究将能够瞄准这些化合物。胎儿发育的公共卫生相关性扰动，包括早产和体重减轻的出生，提高了儿童死亡率和发病率的风险，并且也可能影响成年后的健康，从而增加了心血管疾病和糖尿病的风险。发达国家和发展中国家的汽车使用率的预期增长强调了空气污染交通源及其对胎儿发育的影响的公共卫生相关性。