Ambient Air Toxics and Adverse Birth Outcomes

环境空气毒性和不良出生结果

基本信息

批准号：
7749053
负责人：
Michelle Wilhelm Turner
金额：
$ 7.12万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-12-15 至 2010-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7749053
关键词：
Accounting Adult Air Air Pollutants Air Pollution Area Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Benzene Biological Biological Monitoring Birth Birth Certificates California Carbon Monoxide Child health care Childhood Cohort Studies County Coupled Data Data Sources Developing Countries Diabetes Mellitus Epidemiology Exposure to Fetal Development Fetal Growth Retardation Future Government Growth Health Home environment Human Development Infant Link Los Angeles Low Birth Weight Infant Measurement Measures Metals Metric Modeling Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Motor Vehicles National Children&apos s Study Neighborhoods Outcome Outcome Study Pattern Pilot Projects Population Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome Pregnant Women Premature Birth Reporting Research Research Personnel Resources Risk Risk Factors Sampling Site Source Toxin Tracer Travel Variant Vehicle Emissions Woman air monitoring base cardiovascular disorder risk case control cohort density exhaust improved in utero interest land use metropolitan mortality particle pollutant prenatal exposure public health relevance trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): There is growing evidence that some air pollution constituents perturb fetal development. Some studies point to motor vehicle exhaust pollutants specifically as causative agents of interest. However, to date almost all existing studies have focused on criteria air pollutants (CO, NOx, particles, SO2) rather than specific air toxics and have used data from existing government air monitors to assess exposure. These air monitoring data are unlikely to adequately capture the effects of primary motor vehicle exhaust pollutants whose concentrations vary based on proximity to sources. Land use-based regression (LUR) models are an attractive alternative to assess exhaust toxin exposures, since they can be applied to large populations and account for neighborhood- scale variations in pollutant concentrations. Thus, the specific aims of this study are to: (1) examine associations between prenatal exposure to motor vehicle air toxics and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth in women residing in Los Angeles County, California between 1994-2006 using both ambient measurement data and LUR models; and (2) gain information about how LUR models built on NOx measurements reflect exposures to specific toxins thought to have biological relevance for these outcomes. Specifically, using existing data sources, we will examine associations between the exhaust toxins polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, and metals and adverse birth outcomes in an epidemiologic cohort study. We will assess pregnancy-specific exposures to these compounds using a unique resource of air toxics monitoring data from existing government networks coupled with special measurement studies recently conducted in LA. We will also apply LUR models we are currently developing for the LA Basin based on NOx measurements (as a tracer for vehicle exhaust) to obtain more spatially refined exposure metrics. Using data from a nested case-control sample of LA County births we previously collected in 2003, we will also examine confounding of air pollution effect estimates by a large number of risk factors for which information is not available on birth certificates. These data will also allow us to examine exposure misclassification due to mobility during pregnancy. The proposed study will contribute significantly to understanding the spatial patterns of motor vehicle toxin exposure among pregnant women in LA County, a region heavily polluted by vehicular emissions. Information will be generated on the association between NOx-based traffic pollutant models, increasingly used in health effects assessment, and measured air toxics concentrations. Most important, we expect the findings to enhance our understanding of whether motor vehicle air toxics are the primary drivers of associations between fetal development and criteria air pollutants (CO and particles) observed in previous studies. If the proposed pilot study is able to pinpoint specific toxins of greater relevance to birth outcomes, future research using personal and biomonitoring would be able to target these compounds. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Perturbations of fetal development, including preterm and low weight birth, elevate the risk of mortality and morbidity in childhood, and may also impact health in adulthood increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The expected growth in motor vehicle usage in both developed and developing countries underscore the public health relevance of traffic sources of air pollution and their impact on fetal development.

描述（由研究者提供）：越来越多的证据表明某些空气污染成分会干扰胎儿发育。一些研究特别指出机动车尾气污染物是令人感兴趣的致病因素。然而，迄今为止，几乎所有现有研究都集中在标准空气污染物（一氧化碳、氮氧化物、颗粒物、二氧化硫）而不是特定的空气有毒物质，并使用现有政府空气监测器的数据来评估暴露情况。这些空气监测数据不太可能充分捕捉主要机动车尾气污染物的影响，这些污染物的浓度因与污染源的接近程度而异。基于土地利用的回归（LUR）模型是评估废气毒素暴露的一个有吸引力的替代方案，因为它们可以应用于大量人口并解释污染物浓度的邻里尺度变化。因此，本研究的具体目的是：(1) 使用环境空气和环境数据，检查 1994 年至 2006 年间居住在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县的妇女产前接触机动车空气毒物与低出生体重 (LBW) 和早产之间的关系。测量数据和LUR模型； (2) 获取有关基于 NOx 测量建立的 LUR 模型如何反映特定毒素暴露的信息，这些毒素被认为与这些结果具有生物学相关性。具体来说，我们将利用现有数据源，在流行病学队列研究中研究尾气毒素多环芳烃 (PAH)、苯和金属与不良出生结果之间的关联。我们将使用来自现有政府网络的独特空气毒物监测数据资源以及最近在洛杉矶进行的特殊测量研究来评估怀孕期间对这些化合物的特定暴露。我们还将应用目前正在为洛杉矶盆地开发的基于 NOx 测量（作为车辆尾气示踪剂）的 LUR 模型，以获得更精细的空间暴露指标。利用我们之前在 2003 年收集的洛杉矶县出生的嵌套病例对照样本的数据，我们还将检查出生证明上没有提供信息的大量风险因素对空气污染影响估计的混杂影响。这些数据还将使我们能够检查由于怀孕期间活动而导致的暴露错误分类。拟议的研究将极大地有助于了解洛杉矶县孕妇暴露于机动车毒素的空间模式，该地区是一个受到车辆排放严重污染的地区。将生成基于氮氧化物的交通污染物模型（越来越多地用于健康影响评估）与测量的空气毒物浓度之间关联的信息。最重要的是，我们希望这些发现能够增强我们对机动车空气毒物是否是胎儿发育与先前研究中观察到的标准空气污染物（二氧化碳和颗粒物）之间关联的主要驱动因素的理解。如果拟议的试点研究能够查明与出生结果更相关的特定毒素，那么未来使用个人和生物监测的研究将能够针对这些化合物。公共卫生相关性胎儿发育的干扰，包括早产和低体重出生，会增加儿童期死亡和发病的风险，还可能影响成年期的健康，增加患心血管疾病和糖尿病的风险。发达国家和发展中国家机动车辆使用量的预期增长凸显了空气污染交通源的公共卫生相关性及其对胎儿发育的影响。