Macrostructural and Microstructural Analysis of the Primate Corpus Callosum

灵长类胼胝体的宏观结构和微观结构分析

• 批准号: 7935083
• 负责人: Kimberley Ann Phillips
• 金额: $ 48.56万
• 依托单位: TRINITY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7935083
• 关键词: Accounting; Adolescent; Anisotropy; Architecture; Autistic Disorder; Axon; Behavioral; Body Size; Brain; Brain imaging; Capuchin Monkey; Characteristics; Cognitive; Comparative Study; Complex; Conscious; Corpus Callosum; Data; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Female; Fiber; Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; Goals; Hand; Handedness; Histologic; Human; Image; Individual; Individual Differences; Left; Life; Longevity; Maps; Measures; Methods; Morphology; Motor; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Pan Genus; Pan troglodytes; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Performance; Phylogenetic Analysis; Primates; Process; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Sampling; Scanning; Schizophrenia; Social Behavior; Specimen; Staining method; Stains; Structure; Tissues; Variant; Water; autism spectrum disorder; behavior measurement; brain morphology; brain tissue; cognitive function; density; frontal lobe; grasp; in vivo; infancy; male; motor learning; myelination; neuropsychiatry; nonhuman primate; public health relevance; sex; social; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding the connectivity of the corpus callosum (CC) is an important public health goal, as this structure is believed to be fundamentally important to the emergence of higher order cognitive functions in humans. Furthermore, differences in the size of the CC have been associated with a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and Tourette's syndrome. Evaluating the proximate and ultimate mechanisms that account for variation in CC size is crucial in understanding its role in a variety of human cognitive and behavioral processes. In this application, we will examine the topography of the CC in two divergent primate species - chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) - that have independently evolved several behavioral and anatomical characteristics in common with humans. Specific Aims are to 1) map the anatomical connectivity of the CC in capuchin monkeys and chimpanzees in vivo using MRI and DTI; 2) evaluate the histological organization of the CC in capuchin monkeys and chimpanzees using post-mortem specimens; 3) validate DTI as a reliable and accurate marker of myelination and fiber orientation pathways of the CC; and 4) correlate behavioral measures of complex motor tasks with individual differences in CC size. We will combine brain imaging (MRI and DTI) and behavioral measures in socially living subjects (36 capuchin monkeys and 36 chimpanzees) alongside imaging and histological examination of post-mortem specimens (8 capuchin monkeys and 25 chimpanzees; behavioral data of these subjects' performance on motor tasks is available). We hypothesize chimpanzees (but not capuchin monkeys) will show similar topography to humans, with regions associated with the frontal cortex to account for approximately 2/3 of CC fibers. Capuchins are expected to have significantly less fiber connections to the frontal lobe. However, if the topography of the CC is conserved across the primate Order, then capuchins should show similar organization as chimpanzees (and humans). Additionally, we expect to find sex and handedness effects on CC topography, with females and left-handed individuals showing different composition of the fibers within the CC compared to males and right-handed individuals, respectively. We further hypothesize that subjects who show better inter-hemispheric transfer of motor learning will have a relatively larger CC. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will examine the topography of the corpus callosum to evaluate the proximate and ultimate mechanisms that account for variation in the size of this structure. Individual differences in the size of the corpus callosum have been associated with a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia, autism, and Tourette's syndrome. Thus, evaluating the mechanisms that influence corpus callosum size is critical to further our understanding of psychiatric conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：了解胼胝体（CC）的连接性是一个重要的公共卫生目标，因为这种结构被认为对于人类高级认知功能的出现至关重要。此外，CC大小的差异与许多神经精神和神经发育障碍有关，例如精神分裂症、自闭症谱系障碍和抽动秽语综合征。评估解释 CC 大小变化的直接和最终机制对于理解 CC 大小在各种人类认知和行为过程中的作用至关重要。在此应用中，我们将研究两种不同的灵长类动物——黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）和卷尾猴（Cebus apella）的 CC 地形，它们独立进化出了一些与人类相同的行为和解剖特征。具体目标是 1) 使用 MRI 和 DTI 绘制卷尾猴和黑猩猩体内 CC 的解剖连接图； 2) 使用死后标本评估卷尾猴和黑猩猩的 CC 组织学组织； 3) 验证 DTI 作为 CC 髓鞘形成和纤维定向通路的可靠且准确的标记； 4) 将复杂运动任务的行为测量与 CC 大小的个体差异相关联。我们将结合社会生活受试者（36 只卷尾猴和 36 只黑猩猩）的脑成像（MRI 和 DTI）和行为测量，以及尸检标本（8 只卷尾猴和 25 只黑猩猩）的成像和组织学检查；这些受试者表现的行为数据关于运动任务可用）。我们假设黑猩猩（但不是卷尾猴）将表现出与人类相似的地形，与额叶皮层相关的区域约占 CC 纤维的 2/3。预计卷尾猴与额叶的纤维连接要少得多。然而，如果 CC 的地形在整个灵长类动物中都是保守的，那么卷尾猴应该表现出与黑猩猩（和人类）相似的组织。此外，我们期望发现性别和惯用手对 CC 地形的影响，与男性和右利手个体相比，女性和左撇子的 CC 内纤维组成分别不同。我们进一步假设，表现出更好的运动学习半球间转移的受试者将具有相对较大的 CC。 公共健康相关性：这项研究将检查胼胝体的地形，以评估导致该结构尺寸变化的近端和最终机制。胼胝体大小的个体差异与许多神经精神和神经发育障碍有关，包括精神分裂症、自闭症和抽动秽语综合征。因此，评估影响胼胝体大小的机制对于进一步了解精神疾病和神经发育障碍至关重要。