Strategies to help inform colorectal cancer risk magnitudes

帮助了解结直肠癌风险程度的策略

• 批准号: 7410324
• 负责人: Constance Margaret Johnson
• 金额: $ 8.32万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-30 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7410324
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Algorithms; Auras; Baseline Surveys; Behavior; Behavioral; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Cancer; Communication; Dimensions; Disadvantaged; Disease; Elements; Fecal occult blood; Frequencies; General Population; Health behavior change; Intention; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Literature; Methods; Metric; Modality; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Motivation; Numbers; Outcome; Participant; Perception; Persons; Pilot Projects; Probability; Randomized; Rate; Reaction; Risk; Risk Factors; Screening procedure; Severities; Severity of illness; Sigmoidoscopy; Standards of Weights and Measures; Testing; Time; Variant; base; behavior measurement; cancer risk; colorectal cancer screening; design; men; prevent; sex; size; skills

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening continue to be less-than-optimal to reduce morbidity from this disease, necessitating the application of motivational constructs to motivate screening. Increasing perceptions of CRC risk should motivate screening. Yet inconsistent findings show that higher perceived CRC at times predicts screening, sometimes not. The inconsistent findings may be due to interventions that fail to address essential dimensions of what is required to understand CRC risk (Weinstein, 1999). These dimensions include: understanding the precursors to CRC, probability of occurrence, consequences, and methods to prevent or diminish the threat-most interventions address only one or two of these components. Thus, a central study aim is to develop an intervention that addresses each dimension of risk, and assess how people's reactions/understanding on each dimension is related to intentions to screen for CRC. The likelihood of getting CRC is the most difficult component to convey (Bogardus, 1999); yet it forms a core dimension of CRC risk communicated often to the public. The likelihoods are typically expressed numerically and are often viewed as precise, contain an "aura" of "scientific accuracy and credibility. The disadvantages of using numbers to express likelihood include problems with people's numerical skills and the ability to make use and sense of small probabilities. Presenting what may appear as subjectively small probabilities may be counterproductive at motivating CRC screening. Hence, a second central study aim is to test whether inclusion of a standard display of likelihood information contextualized within the other dimensions of risk does decrease motivation to screen, and to develop and test an alternate means of displaying likelihood information designed to increase rather than decrease motivation to screen through the addition of a graphical display of risk probabilities. This study constitutes important preliminary steps to understand more fully how best to communicate CRC risk comprehensively to affect screening intentions, and in particular the unique effects of including two variants of likelihood information in the context of other essential dimensions of risk. Effects sizes and variance can be used to power a larger trial. Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates continue to be less-than-optimal in reducing morbidity from this disease, necessitating the application of motivational constructs to encourage screening.

描述（由申请人提供）： 结直肠癌 (CRC) 筛查率仍然低于降低该疾病发病率的最佳水平，因此需要应用激励结构来激励筛查。人们对结直肠癌风险的认识不断提高应该会促进筛查。然而，不一致的研究结果表明，较高的结直肠癌认知度有时可以预测筛查，有时则不能。不一致的结果可能是由于干预措施未能解决了解结直肠癌风险所需的基本维度（Weinstein，1999）。这些维度包括：了解结直肠癌的前兆、发生的可能性、后果以及预防或减少威胁的方法——大多数干预措施仅针对其中的一两个组成部分。因此，一项中心研究目标是制定一种干预措施来解决每个风险维度，并评估人们对每个维度的反应/理解与筛查结直肠癌的意图之间的关系。获得 CRC 的可能性是最难传达的部分（Bogardus，1999）；然而，它构成了经常向公众传达的 CRC 风险的核心维度。可能性通常以数字表示，并且通常被认为是精确的，包含“科学准确性和可信度”的“光环”。使用数字来表达可能性的缺点包括人们的数字技能以及利用和感知小概率的能力问题因此，第二个中心研究的目的是测试在其他风险维度中纳入可能性信息的标准显示是否会降低动机。筛选，并开发和测试显示可能性信息的替代方法，旨在通过添加风险概率的图形显示来增加而不是减少筛选的动机。这项研究构成了重要的初步步骤，以更全面地了解如何最好地传达 CRC。全面评估风险以影响筛选意图，特别是在风险的其他基本维度的背景下包括可能性信息的两种变体的独特效果。效应大小和方差可用于支持更大的试验。在降低结直肠癌（CRC）发病率方面，结直肠癌（CRC）筛查率仍然不够理想，因此需要应用激励机制来鼓励筛查。