Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Ultrasound Measures of Fetal Growth

与交通相关的空气污染和胎儿生长的超声测量

基本信息

批准号：
7640483
负责人：
Michelle Wilhelm Turner
金额：
$ 11.37万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-04-01 至 2011-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7640483
关键词：
Abdomen Accounting Address Air Air Pollutants Air Pollution Anxiety Behavior Biological Biometry Birth Birth Certificates Birth Weight Caliber California Characteristics Child Childhood Cities Cohort Studies Communities Conflict (Psychology)Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Data Data Sources Developed Countries Developing Countries Educational Background Ethnic Origin Exposure to Femur Fertilization Fetal Development Fetal Growth Fetal Growth Retardation Follow-Up Studies Future Gestational Age Government Growth Growth and Development function Head circumference Health Impaired health Infection Length Life Literature Location Los Angeles Low Birth Weight Infant Marital Status Maternal Exposure Measurement Measures Medical Medical center Modeling Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Motor Vehicles National Children&apos s Study Neighborhoods Nitrogen Oxides Outcome Participant Perinatal Exposure Pilot Projects Plasma Policies Pollution Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome Premature Birth Prospective Studies Psychosocial Stress Public Health Questionnaires Race Reporting Research Personnel Resources Risk Risk Factors Sampling Small for Gestational Age Infant Smoke Smoking Source Stress Surveys Time Toxic effect Ultrasonography Weight Woman Work air monitoring base cohort early childhood evidence base fetal improved indexing interest mortality novel parity pollutant prenatal prenatal exposure prospective public health relevance residence socioeconomics trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite the growing literature reporting increased risks of adverse birth outcomes for women highly exposed to outdoor air pollution during pregnancy, the most important questions remain unanswered; specifically, what are the relevant sources and types of pollutants, exposure periods, and underlying biological mechanisms? Here we propose the first pilot study of fetal growth and air pollution in the U.S. relying on a unique resource of detailed, prospectively-collected pregnancy data from the Behavior In Pregnancy Study (BIPS) conducted in Los Angeles, California between 1993-1996. We hypothesize that maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollutants during pregnancy results in reductions in fetal growth, and that part of these impacts are seen early in pregnancy and persist until birth. This hypothesis will be addressed by: (1) estimating prenatal exposures to nitrogen oxides (NOx) - as a marker of traffic-related air pollutants - for BIPS participants using CALINE4 air dispersion modeling approaches; (2) examining associations between CALINE4 model-based traffic exposures and fetal size throughout pregnancy using ultrasound measures of biparietal diameter, occipital frontal diameter, head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference taken at approximately 18-20, 28- 30 and 35-36 weeks gestation; (3) examining associations between prenatal traffic exposures and weight, length, head circumference, fetal growth ratio, ponderal index, and cephalization index at birth; and (4) examining associations between prenatal exposures to the more regionally distributed air pollutants O3 and PM10 using measurement data from existing government air monitoring stations to examine whether prenatal exposure to such pollutants is also associated with reductions in fetal growth, or whether air pollution impacts are specific to pollutants originating from traffic. Exposure estimates will be based on women's residential locations and generated for the time periods between fetal ultrasound measurements. Statistical analyses will take into account a number of potentially confounding risk factors for which information is available from the BIPS data (e.g., maternal race/ethnicity, education level and stature, marital status, parity, smoking, infections). We will also perform analyses stratified on whether women moved or worked during pregnancy since residence-based exposure estimates may be more misclassified for these subjects. Findings from this pilot work will help guide decisions about future adjunct study proposals examining air pollution and pregnancy as part of the National Children's Study activities in Southern California, specifically by pinpointing: (1) whether and which fetal biometry measures are important to collect during pregnancy; (2) whether and which periods during pregnancy are particularly susceptible to air pollution (e.g., very early or very late in pregnancy); and (3) which air pollutants and sources should be targeted for more detailed neighborhood and personal air monitoring in Los Angeles. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Perturbations of fetal development put children at risk for mortality and morbidity in early life. There is also now evidence that intrauterine growth restriction can impair health in adulthood as well. Since motor vehicle usage will continue to grow and degrade urban air quality in both developed and developing countries, information on how exposures to traffic pollutants impact fetal development is essential from a public health perspective.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管越来越多的文献报道怀孕期间高度暴露于室外空气污染的女性不良分娩结果的风险增加，但最重要的问题仍未得到解答；具体来说，污染物的相关来源和类型、暴露时间和潜在的生物机制是什么？在此，我们提议在美国开展第一项关于胎儿生长和空气污染的试点研究，该研究依赖于 1993 年至 1996 年间在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶进行的妊娠行为研究 (BIPS) 中收集的详细、前瞻性妊娠数据的独特资源。我们假设，母亲在怀孕期间接触与交通相关的空气污染物会导致胎儿生长迟缓，其中部分影响在怀孕早期就会出现，并持续到出生。这一假设将通过以下方式得到解决：(1) 使用 CALINE4 空气扩散建模方法，估算 BIPS 参与者的产前氮氧化物 (NOx) 暴露量（作为交通相关空气污染物的标志）； (2) 使用在大约 18-20、28-30 和 35-35 时测量的双顶径、枕额直径、头围、股骨长度和腹围的超声测量，检查基于 CALINE4 模型的交通暴露与胎儿尺寸之间的关联。妊娠36周； (3) 检查产前交通暴露与出生时体重、身长、头围、胎儿生长比、体重指数和头化指数之间的关联； (4) 利用现有政府空气监测站的测量数据，检验产前接触区域性分布较多的空气污染物 O3 和 PM10 之间的关联，以检验产前接触此类污染物是否也与胎儿生长速度下降有关，或者空气污染是否会产生影响专门针对交通产生的污染物。暴露估计值将基于妇女的居住地点，并根据胎儿超声测量之间的时间段生成。统计分析将考虑许多潜在的混杂风险因素，这些因素可从 BIPS 数据中获得（例如，母亲种族/民族、教育水平和身材、婚姻状况、产次、吸烟、感染）。我们还将对女性在怀孕期间是否搬家或工作进行分层分析，因为基于居住地的暴露估计可能对这些受试者更容易错误分类。这项试点工作的结果将有助于指导未来辅助研究提案的决策，这些研究提案将作为南加州国家儿童研究活动的一部分来检查空气污染和怀孕，特别是通过查明：（1）在怀孕期间收集是否以及哪些胎儿生物统计测量数据很重要; (2) 怀孕期间是否以及哪些时期特别容易受到空气污染的影响（例如怀孕早期或晚期）； (3) 洛杉矶应针对哪些空气污染物和来源进行更详细的社区和个人空气监测。公共卫生相关性：胎儿发育的干扰使儿童在早期面临死亡和发病的风险生活。现在还有证据表明宫内生长受限也会损害成年期的健康。由于发达国家和发展中国家的机动车辆使用量将继续增长并导致城市空气质量下降，因此从公共卫生角度来看，了解交通污染物如何影响胎儿发育的信息至关重要。