Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Ultrasound Measures of Fetal Growth

与交通相关的空气污染和胎儿生长的超声测量

基本信息

批准号：
7640483
负责人：
Michelle Wilhelm Turner
金额：
$ 11.37万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-04-01 至 2011-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7640483
关键词：
Abdomen Accounting Address Air Air Pollutants Air Pollution Anxiety Behavior Biological Biometry Birth Birth Certificates Birth Weight Caliber California Characteristics Child Childhood Cities Cohort Studies Communities Conflict (Psychology)Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Data Data Sources Developed Countries Developing Countries Educational Background Ethnic Origin Exposure to Femur Fertilization Fetal Development Fetal Growth Fetal Growth Retardation Follow-Up Studies Future Gestational Age Government Growth Growth and Development function Head circumference Health Impaired health Infection Length Life Literature Location Los Angeles Low Birth Weight Infant Marital Status Maternal Exposure Measurement Measures Medical Medical center Modeling Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Motor Vehicles National Children&apos s Study Neighborhoods Nitrogen Oxides Outcome Participant Perinatal Exposure Pilot Projects Plasma Policies Pollution Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome Premature Birth Prospective Studies Psychosocial Stress Public Health Questionnaires Race Reporting Research Personnel Resources Risk Risk Factors Sampling Small for Gestational Age Infant Smoke Smoking Source Stress Surveys Time Toxic effect Ultrasonography Weight Woman Work air monitoring base cohort early childhood evidence base fetal improved indexing interest mortality novel parity pollutant prenatal prenatal exposure prospective public health relevance residence socioeconomics trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite the growing literature reporting increased risks of adverse birth outcomes for women highly exposed to outdoor air pollution during pregnancy, the most important questions remain unanswered; specifically, what are the relevant sources and types of pollutants, exposure periods, and underlying biological mechanisms? Here we propose the first pilot study of fetal growth and air pollution in the U.S. relying on a unique resource of detailed, prospectively-collected pregnancy data from the Behavior In Pregnancy Study (BIPS) conducted in Los Angeles, California between 1993-1996. We hypothesize that maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollutants during pregnancy results in reductions in fetal growth, and that part of these impacts are seen early in pregnancy and persist until birth. This hypothesis will be addressed by: (1) estimating prenatal exposures to nitrogen oxides (NOx) - as a marker of traffic-related air pollutants - for BIPS participants using CALINE4 air dispersion modeling approaches; (2) examining associations between CALINE4 model-based traffic exposures and fetal size throughout pregnancy using ultrasound measures of biparietal diameter, occipital frontal diameter, head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference taken at approximately 18-20, 28- 30 and 35-36 weeks gestation; (3) examining associations between prenatal traffic exposures and weight, length, head circumference, fetal growth ratio, ponderal index, and cephalization index at birth; and (4) examining associations between prenatal exposures to the more regionally distributed air pollutants O3 and PM10 using measurement data from existing government air monitoring stations to examine whether prenatal exposure to such pollutants is also associated with reductions in fetal growth, or whether air pollution impacts are specific to pollutants originating from traffic. Exposure estimates will be based on women's residential locations and generated for the time periods between fetal ultrasound measurements. Statistical analyses will take into account a number of potentially confounding risk factors for which information is available from the BIPS data (e.g., maternal race/ethnicity, education level and stature, marital status, parity, smoking, infections). We will also perform analyses stratified on whether women moved or worked during pregnancy since residence-based exposure estimates may be more misclassified for these subjects. Findings from this pilot work will help guide decisions about future adjunct study proposals examining air pollution and pregnancy as part of the National Children's Study activities in Southern California, specifically by pinpointing: (1) whether and which fetal biometry measures are important to collect during pregnancy; (2) whether and which periods during pregnancy are particularly susceptible to air pollution (e.g., very early or very late in pregnancy); and (3) which air pollutants and sources should be targeted for more detailed neighborhood and personal air monitoring in Los Angeles. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Perturbations of fetal development put children at risk for mortality and morbidity in early life. There is also now evidence that intrauterine growth restriction can impair health in adulthood as well. Since motor vehicle usage will continue to grow and degrade urban air quality in both developed and developing countries, information on how exposures to traffic pollutants impact fetal development is essential from a public health perspective.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管文献报道了越来越多的文献报道，在怀孕期间高度暴露于室外空气污染的女性不良出生结果的风险增加，但最重要的问题仍未得到解决；具体而言，污染物，暴露期和潜在的生物学机制的相关来源和类型是什么？在这里，我们提出了第一项关于美国胎儿生长和空气污染的初步研究，该研究依赖于1993 - 1996年间在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶进行的孕妇行为（BIPS）的详细，前瞻性怀孕数据（BIPS）的独特资源。我们假设孕产妇在怀孕期间暴露于与交通相关的空气污染物导致胎儿生长的减少，并且这些影响的一部分在怀孕的早期就可以持续到出生。该假设将通过：（1）使用Caline4空气分散建模方法的BIPS参与者估计对氮氧化物（NOX）作为交通相关空气污染物的标志的估计产前暴露；（2）使用两次直径，枕额额直径，头部圆周，股骨长度和腹部的超声测量在整个怀孕期间，检查整个怀孕期间的胎儿大小之间的关联。（3）检查产前交通暴露与体重，长度，头围，胎儿生长比，洪多指数和出生时头脑的关联；（4）使用现有政府空气监测站的测量数据来检查产前暴露与更局部分布的空气污染物O3和PM10之间的关联，以检查产前暴露于此类污染物的情况是否也与胎儿生长的减少或空气污染的减少有关，是否对来自流量的污染物有特定的影响。暴露估计将基于妇女的住宅位置，并在胎儿超声测量之间生成。统计分析将考虑许多潜在的混淆风险因素，从BIPS数据中获得信息（例如，孕产妇种族/种族，教育水平和地位，婚姻状况，婚姻，平价，吸烟，感染）。我们还将对妇女在怀孕期间是否移动或工作进行分层进行分析，因为这些受试者的基于居住的暴露估计可能会更加分类。这项试点工作的结果将有助于指导有关未来的辅助研究建议，以研究空气污染和怀孕，这是南加州国家儿童研究活动的一部分，特别是通过精确指出：（1）在怀孕期间是否以及哪些胎儿生物测定措施是否重要；（2）怀孕期间的哪个时期尤其容易受到空气污染的影响（例如，在怀孕期间很早还是很晚）；（3）哪些空气污染物和来源应针对洛杉矶更详细的社区和个人空气监测。公共卫生相关性：胎儿发育的扰动使儿童早期有死亡率和发病率生活。现在也有证据表明，宫内生长限制也会在成年后损害健康。由于发达国家和发展中国家的汽车使用率将继续增长和降低城市空气质量，因此从公共卫生的角度来看，有关对交通污染物的影响如何影响胎儿发展是至关重要的。