Developing Radiological Risk Communication Materials for Low-Literacy Populations

为低识字人群开发放射风险沟通材料

• 批准号: 7559852
• 负责人: Sarah B Bass
• 金额: $ 8.22万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-15 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7559852
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Address; Adult; Affective; Attitude; Behavioral; Body Temperature; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Control Groups; Data; Decision Aid; Decision Making; Devices; Disasters; Effectiveness; Emergency Situation; Emotional; Environmental Risk Factor; Event; Eye; Focus Groups; Fright; Galvanic Skin Response; Health; Health Communication; Heart Rate; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Low Literacy Population; Maps; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Mydriasis; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Nuclear; Participant; Perception; Phase; Philadelphia; Physiological; Pilot Projects; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Positioning Attribute; Process; Psyche structure; Psychophysiology; Radiation; Randomized; Reaction; Readiness; Reading; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Respiration; Risk; Science; Security; Self Efficacy; Stress; Surveys; Technology; Testing; Time; Uncertainty; Universities; Work; base; burden of illness; communication aid; design; dirty bomb; health literacy; high risk; improved; innovation; instrument; literacy; mathematical model; novel strategies; predictive modeling; public health relevance; response; vector; willingness

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Radiological exposure from a terror event has been identified by the CDC and the Office of Homeland Security as a potential threat worthy of significant national preparedness. Little research has been done, however, to develop risk communication strategies for those with limited literacy. The specific aims of this research are: 1. To test whether tailored communication for those with low literacy increases overall understanding of RTEs as well as eases fear and increases self efficacy compared to existing risk messages, and 2. To assess whether new approaches to designing risk communication - perceptual mapping and physiological testing- are valid methods to develop emergency preparedness materials for people with low literacy. The study will use new approaches to designing risk communication (RC) that involves modeling the target group's conceptualization of a situation, designing message strategies around those conceptual models and testing, under laboratory conditions, the cognitive, emotional, decisional, behavioral and physiological effects of such messages. This will be done using vector mathematical modeling to create perceptual maps that can be used to compare current RC materials to pilot messages designed from the perceptual maps. Reactions to these materials will then be tested using psycho- physiological measures (eye-tracking, pupil dilation, heart rate, respiration rate, skin conductance and body temperature) to assess their effectiveness in reducing fear and increasing willingness to comply with recommended actions. The research will have four phases: 1. Conduct three to four focus groups with subjects (N=30) with lower-literacy (d 6th grade reading level) and create a perceptual mapping instrument on perceptions of a radiation terror event; 2. Administer the perceptual mapping survey instrument to subjects (N=50) with low literacy; 3. Analyze perceptual mapping data and design an adapted RC aid for people with low literacy using vector message design methods; 4. Conduct a pilot study with subjects (adults with d6th grade literacy level; N=50) using psycho-physiological measures to assess the types of messages most likely to reduce uncertainty, decisional conflict, and physiological stress/tension and increase the willingness to comply with recommendations if a radiation event occurred. Pilot subjects will be randomized to review the adapted RC aid (Experimental Group) or an existing CDC decision aid (Control Group). We will test the following hypotheses: 1. Experimental subjects will be more likely than controls to (a) report intent to comply with radiation event recommendations and (b) report less uncertainty and more self efficacy.; 2. Experimental subjects will be more likely than controls to have aggregated mental maps in which "self" is positioned farther away from negative cognitive/affective concepts (fear, uncertainty) associated with a radiation event. We predict that communication aids designed using these methods will provide predictive models for how to communicate risk information effectively to low-literacy populations in the event of a public threat with a high perceived degree of risk. The impact of developing and testing these methods to improve message design and enhance decision-making is far-reaching. We expect our innovative methods will have wide application for designing risk communication aids for those with low literacy, an important strategy for eliminating disparities in disaster response and subsequent health effects. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will provide an opportunity to develop a more accurate projection of how the public, especially those with low literacy, might react to a radiological terror event or other high-risk messaging. Having measures of emotional and physiological response will be important for interpreting the linkages between the cognitive positionings/perceptions and the behavioral intentions related to the final actions taken by the public should an event actually occur. This research will specifically contribute to national preparedness in the case of a terror event, but also advance the science of developing interdisciplinary models that improve decision making under uncertainty using innovative methods such as perceptual mapping and physiological testing.

描述（由申请人提供）：疾病预防控制中心和国土安全办公室已将恐怖事件造成的放射性暴露视为值得国家做好重大准备的潜在威胁。然而，为文化水平有限的人制定风险沟通策略的研究却很少。本研究的具体目的是： 1. 测试为文化水平低的人量身定制的沟通是否能增加对 RTE 的整体理解，并与现有的风险信息相比，减轻恐惧并提高自我效能，以及 2. 评估新的设计方法是否可以提高 RTE 的整体理解，并减轻恐惧并提高自我效能。风险沟通——感知绘图和生理测试——是为文化程度低的人编写应急准备材料的有效方法。该研究将使用新的方法来设计风险沟通（RC），其中包括对目标群体对情况的概念化进行建模，围绕这些概念模型设计信息策略，并在实验室条件下测试风险沟通的认知、情感、决策、行为和生理影响。此类消息。这将使用矢量数学模型来创建感知图来完成，该感知图可用于将当前的 RC 材料与根据感知图设计的引导消息进行比较。然后，将使用心理生理测量（眼动追踪、瞳孔扩张、心率、呼吸频率、皮肤电导和体温）来测试对这些材料的反应，以评估它们在减少恐惧和提高遵守建议行动意愿方面的有效性。该研究将分为四个阶段： 1. 对文化程度较低（d 六年级阅读水平）的受试者（N=30）进行三到四个焦点小组，并创建一个关于辐射恐怖事件感知的感知绘图工具； 2. 对识字率较低的受试者（N=50）进行知觉图谱调查； 3. 分析感知映射数据，并利用矢量信息设计方法为识字率低的人群设计适应性强的 RC 辅助工具； 4. 对受试者（具有 d6 年级识字水平的成年人；N = 50）进行一项试点研究，使用心理生理测量来评估最有可能减少不确定性、决策冲突和生理压力/紧张并增加学习意愿的信息类型。如果发生辐射事件，请遵守建议。试点受试者将被随机分配以审查改编后的 RC 辅助工具（实验组）或现有的 CDC 决策辅助工具（对照组）。我们将测试以下假设： 1. 实验对象比对照组更有可能 (a) 报告遵守辐射事件建议的意图，以及 (b) 报告更少的不确定性和更高的自我效能。 2. 实验对象比对照组更有可能拥有聚合心理地图，其中“自我”的位置远离与辐射事件相关的负面认知/情感概念（恐惧、不确定性）。我们预测，使用这些方法设计的沟通辅助工具将为在发生具有高感知风险程度的公共威胁时如何向低识字人群有效地传达风险信息提供预测模型。开发和测试这些方法对改进消息设计和增强决策的影响是深远的。我们预计我们的创新方法将广泛应用于为文化水平较低的人设计风险沟通辅助工具，这是消除灾害响应和随后的健康影响方面差异的重要战略。公共卫生相关性：这项研究将提供一个机会，更准确地预测公众，尤其是文化水平较低的公众，对放射性恐怖事件或其他高风险信息的反应。测量情绪和生理反应对于解释认知定位/感知与与公众在事件实际发生时采取的最终行动相关的行为意图之间的联系非常重要。这项研究将特别有助于国家应对恐怖事件的准备工作，同时也推进开发跨学科模型的科学，这些模型可以使用感知映射和生理测试等创新方法改善不确定性下的决策。