Developing Radiological Risk Communication Materials for Low-Literacy Populations

为低识字人群开发放射风险沟通材料

• 批准号: 7559852
• 负责人: Sarah B Bass
• 金额: $ 8.22万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-15 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7559852
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Address; Adult; Affective; Attitude; Behavioral; Body Temperature; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Control Groups; Data; Decision Aid; Decision Making; Devices; Disasters; Effectiveness; Emergency Situation; Emotional; Environmental Risk Factor; Event; Eye; Focus Groups; Fright; Galvanic Skin Response; Health; Health Communication; Heart Rate; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Low Literacy Population; Maps; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Mydriasis; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Nuclear; Participant; Perception; Phase; Philadelphia; Physiological; Pilot Projects; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Positioning Attribute; Process; Psyche structure; Psychophysiology; Radiation; Randomized; Reaction; Readiness; Reading; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Respiration; Risk; Science; Security; Self Efficacy; Stress; Surveys; Technology; Testing; Time; Uncertainty; Universities; Work; base; burden of illness; communication aid; design; dirty bomb; health literacy; high risk; improved; innovation; instrument; literacy; mathematical model; novel strategies; predictive modeling; public health relevance; response; vector; willingness

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Radiological exposure from a terror event has been identified by the CDC and the Office of Homeland Security as a potential threat worthy of significant national preparedness. Little research has been done, however, to develop risk communication strategies for those with limited literacy. The specific aims of this research are: 1. To test whether tailored communication for those with low literacy increases overall understanding of RTEs as well as eases fear and increases self efficacy compared to existing risk messages, and 2. To assess whether new approaches to designing risk communication - perceptual mapping and physiological testing- are valid methods to develop emergency preparedness materials for people with low literacy. The study will use new approaches to designing risk communication (RC) that involves modeling the target group's conceptualization of a situation, designing message strategies around those conceptual models and testing, under laboratory conditions, the cognitive, emotional, decisional, behavioral and physiological effects of such messages. This will be done using vector mathematical modeling to create perceptual maps that can be used to compare current RC materials to pilot messages designed from the perceptual maps. Reactions to these materials will then be tested using psycho- physiological measures (eye-tracking, pupil dilation, heart rate, respiration rate, skin conductance and body temperature) to assess their effectiveness in reducing fear and increasing willingness to comply with recommended actions. The research will have four phases: 1. Conduct three to four focus groups with subjects (N=30) with lower-literacy (d 6th grade reading level) and create a perceptual mapping instrument on perceptions of a radiation terror event; 2. Administer the perceptual mapping survey instrument to subjects (N=50) with low literacy; 3. Analyze perceptual mapping data and design an adapted RC aid for people with low literacy using vector message design methods; 4. Conduct a pilot study with subjects (adults with d6th grade literacy level; N=50) using psycho-physiological measures to assess the types of messages most likely to reduce uncertainty, decisional conflict, and physiological stress/tension and increase the willingness to comply with recommendations if a radiation event occurred. Pilot subjects will be randomized to review the adapted RC aid (Experimental Group) or an existing CDC decision aid (Control Group). We will test the following hypotheses: 1. Experimental subjects will be more likely than controls to (a) report intent to comply with radiation event recommendations and (b) report less uncertainty and more self efficacy.; 2. Experimental subjects will be more likely than controls to have aggregated mental maps in which "self" is positioned farther away from negative cognitive/affective concepts (fear, uncertainty) associated with a radiation event. We predict that communication aids designed using these methods will provide predictive models for how to communicate risk information effectively to low-literacy populations in the event of a public threat with a high perceived degree of risk. The impact of developing and testing these methods to improve message design and enhance decision-making is far-reaching. We expect our innovative methods will have wide application for designing risk communication aids for those with low literacy, an important strategy for eliminating disparities in disaster response and subsequent health effects. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will provide an opportunity to develop a more accurate projection of how the public, especially those with low literacy, might react to a radiological terror event or other high-risk messaging. Having measures of emotional and physiological response will be important for interpreting the linkages between the cognitive positionings/perceptions and the behavioral intentions related to the final actions taken by the public should an event actually occur. This research will specifically contribute to national preparedness in the case of a terror event, but also advance the science of developing interdisciplinary models that improve decision making under uncertainty using innovative methods such as perceptual mapping and physiological testing.

描述（由申请人提供）：疾病预防控制中心和国土安全办公室已经确定了来自恐怖事件的放射学暴露是值得大量国家准备的潜在威胁。但是，很少有研究为有限的识字能力制定风险交流策略。这项研究的具体目的是：1。要测试对识字率低的人的量身定制沟通是否会增加对RTE的总体理解，并缓解与现有风险信息相比，以及与现有风险信息相比，以及2。评估设计风险沟通的新方法 - 感知映射和生理测试是否是有效的方法来开发识字率低的人的紧急准备材料。该研究将使用新的方法设计风险交流（RC），涉及对目标群体对情况的概念化进行建模，在实验室条件下设计围绕这些概念模型和测试的信息策略，在实验室条件下，认知，情感，决策，行为和生理影响。这将使用矢量数学建模来创建可感知图，可用于将当前的RC材料与从感知图设计的试验消息进行比较。然后，将使用心理生理措施（眼睛跟踪，学生扩张，心率，呼吸率，皮肤电导和体温）对这些材料的反应进行测试，以评估它们在减少恐惧和遵守建议动作的意愿方面的有效性。这项研究将有四个阶段：1。进行三到四个焦点小组，具有较低素养的受试者（n = 30）（D 6年级阅读水平），并创建一种感知的映射工具，以感知辐射恐怖事件； 2。对具有较低识字率的受试者（n = 50）进行感知映射调查工具； 3。分析感知映射数据并设计适合使用矢量消息设计方法识字率低的人的RC辅助工具； 4.使用心理生理学措施对受试者（具有D6年级识字水平的成年人； n = 50）进行试验研究，以评估最有可能减少不确定性，决策冲突和生理压力/张力的信息类型，并增加在放射线事件时遵守建议的意愿。试点受试者将被随机审查改编的RC AID（实验组）或现有的CDC决策援助（对照组）。我们将检验以下假设：1。实验对象比对照组更有可能（a）报告意图遵守辐射事件建议的建议，以及（b）报告较少的不确定性和更多的自我效能。 2。实验对象比对照组具有汇总的心理图，其中“自我”位于与辐射事件相关的负面认知/情感概念（恐惧，不确定性）的位置更远的位置。我们预测，使用这些方法设计的沟通辅助工具将为如何有效地传达风险信息，并在较高的风险程度高度的公共威胁中为低素养人群有效地传达风险信息。开发和测试这些方法以改善消息设计和增强决策的影响是深远的。我们预计我们的创新方法将为识字率低的人设计风险交流辅助工具，这是消除灾害反应差异和随后的健康影响的重要策略。公共卫生相关性：这项研究将提供一个机会，以开发更准确的预测公众，尤其是那些识字率低的公众如何对放射线恐怖事件或其他高风险消息传递做出反应。拥有情绪和生理反应的衡量标准对于解释认知局势/感知与与公众实际发生的最终行动相关的行为意图之间的联系至关重要。这项研究将在恐怖事件的情况下特别有助于民族准备，但也可以通过开发跨学科模型的科学，以使用创新方法（例如感知映射和生理测试）改善不确定性的决策。