High Energy Density Plasmas Generated and Probed with Fourth Generation Light Sources

使用第四代光源产生和探测高能量密度等离子体

• 批准号: EP/F020449/1
• 负责人: Justin Wark
• 金额: $ 18.25万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FF020449%2F1
• 关键词: Energy; Density; Plasmas; Generated; Probed

Free electron lasers in the XUV regime now exist - the FLASH laser at DESY. This is the precursor to the hard x-ray (1 Angstrom) system XFEL, which should begin construction this year, and to which the UK has committed a significant investment. Such sources will have spectral brightnesses ten orders of magnitude greater than any synchrotron, and hold out the promise of revolutionizing many areas of the physical and life sciences. It is imperative that the UK build a viable user-base to exploit such systems. The Oxford group is the leading group in the UK using picosecond and femtosecond x-ray techniques to study a variety of problems. In this project we propose to use the short duration XUV radiation from the FLASH free electron laser to heat solid density matter to tens of thousands of Kelvin before it has time to expand. We thus create a thin slab of hot, dense, material, that subsequently expands. By monitoring how the surface expands by using an optical technique known as Fourier Domain Interferometry, we can obtain information about the original pressure in the hot, dense, matter. This is important, as theoretical models of the pressure, for a given energy density, vary by up to a factor of two - the fact that the electrostatic potential between the ions is comparable to their thermal energy makes calculations of the pressure extremely difficult. Such warm dense matter is thus hard to model, even though it is of great relevance to a variety of physical systems, such as the giant planets and inertial confinement fusion research. Therefore reliable experimental data in this area is highly desirable. To date, such data has been elusive, as radiation sources capable of heating matter uniformly in short timescales have not existed. The new generation of free electron lasers can potentially overcome these problems.

XUV 范围内的自由电子激光器现已存在 - DESY 的 FLASH 激光器。这是硬 X 射线（1 埃）系统 XFEL 的前身，该系统将于今年开始建设，英国已承诺对其进行大量投资。此类光源的光谱亮度将比任何同步加速器高十个数量级，并有望彻底改变物理和生命科学的许多领域。英国必须建立一个可行的用户基础来利用此类系统。牛津小组是英国使用皮秒和飞秒 X 射线技术研究各种问题的领先小组。在这个项目中，我们建议使用来自 FLASH 自由电子激光器的短时 XUV 辐射，在固体密度物质有时间膨胀之前将其加热到数万开尔文。因此，我们创造了一块由热的、致密的材料组成的薄板，随后它会膨胀。通过使用称为傅立叶域干涉测量的光学技术监测表面如何膨胀，我们可以获得有关热、致密物质中原始压力的信息。这很重要，因为对于给定的能量密度，压力的理论模型最多变化两倍 - 离子之间的静电势与其热能相当的事实使得压力的计算变得极其困难。因此，这种温暖的致密物质很难建模，尽管它与各种物理系统（例如巨行星和惯性约束聚变研究）有很大关系。因此，非常需要该领域可靠的实验数据。迄今为止，此类数据一直难以捉摸，因为能够在短时间内均匀加热物质的辐射源还不存在。新一代自由电子激光器有可能克服这些问题。

项目成果

Perspective for high energy density studies using x-ray free electron lasers

使用 X 射线自由电子激光器进行高能量密度研究的前景

• DOI: http://dx.10.1109/plasma.2009.5227745
• 发表时间: 2009
• 作者: Lee R

Soft x-ray free electron laser microfocus for exploring matter under extreme conditions.

软 X 射线无电子激光微焦点，用于在极端条件下探索物质。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1364/oe.17.018271
• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: Optics express
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Nelson AJ

Plasma emission spectroscopy of solids irradiated by intense XUV pulses from a free electron laser

自由电子激光器强 XUV 脉冲照射固体的等离子体发射光谱

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.hedp.2009.05.017
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: High Energy Density Physics
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Dzelzainis T

Optical emission spectroscopy of various materials irradiated by soft x-ray free-electron laser

软X射线自由电子激光照射下各种材料的发射光谱

• DOI: http://dx.10.1117/12.822766
• 发表时间: 2009
• 作者: Cihelka J

X-Ray Lasers 2008

X 射线激光器 2008

• DOI: http://dx.10.1007/978-1-4020-9924-3_65
• 发表时间: 2009
• 作者: Dzelzainis T