Attention-biases and hot cognition in drug dependence

药物依赖中的注意偏差和热认知

• 批准号: 7356418
• 负责人: PETER R FINN
• 金额: $ 27.97万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-02-15 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7356418
• 关键词: Affect; Alcohols; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Attention; Attenuated; Aversive Stimulus; Behavior; Behavioral inhibition; Categories; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Communities; Computer Simulation; Computer information processing; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Dimensions; Disinhibition; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Educational process of instructing; Elements; Emotional; Esthesia; Eye; Future; Gambling; Goals; Image; Impulsivity; Individual; Judgment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Measures; Methods; Occupations; Personality; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevention; Process; Protocols documentation; Reaction Time; Relative (related person); Reporting; Request for Applications; Research; Rewards; Risk; Role; Self-control as a personality trait; Short-Term Memory; Standards of Weights and Measures; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; System; Testing; Time; Translating; Visual attention; Work; alcohol reward; anti social; base; contextual factors; cost; discounting; drug abuser; gaze; improved; instrumentation; motivational processes; neglect; perceptual organization; preference; response; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application requests five years of support to investigate attentional biases in drug dependent individuals (DDIs), how such biases are related to personality, and how contextual factors influence attentional biases in DDIs. This project applies (translates) basic cognitive science methods and theories of attention, perceptual processes, and learning to further our understanding of the clinical problem of drug dependence. Furthermore, this project seeks to understand and demonstrate the role for contextual factors (hot and cold processing) that may attentuate attentional biases and bolster self-control in DDIs. Knowledge of contextual factors that can bolster self-control would be valuable for prevention efforts in at-risk individuals and for the treatment of drug dependence. The first aim of this project is to test the hypothesis that DDIs preferentially attend to reward stimuli and that this attentional bias is specifically associated with the personality trait of impulsivity using cognitive science methods and sophisticated eye-gaze tracking instrumentation. Attentional bias will be assessed using visual attention deployment, similarity judgment, and task-shifting protocols, and quantified using traditional measures (e.g., reaction time, gaze time/preference) as well as parameters derived from computational models. Personality will be assessed in three dimensions related to drug abuse, impulsivity, harm avoidance, and excitement seeking. The project also aims to explore the association between drug dependence, harm avoidance, negative affect, and attention to aversive stimuli. The second aim is to test the hypotheses that increasing activation of the approach motivational system with a hot processing instructional set will amplify this attentional bias in DDIs and decreasing activation of the approach system (cool processing set) attenuates this attentional bias. The third aim is to develop more externally valid laboratory protocols for assessing the cognitive - motivational processes in DDI's. This involves developing and making available to the scientific community a well-characterized and normed set of images that can be used in standard cognitive protocols tapping attention, perceptual organization, decision making and associative/category learning. This project will provide valuable information about the role of attentional biases in drug dependence and how such biases can be manipulated to increase self-control in drug abusers.

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请要求提供五年的支持，以调查依赖药物的个体（DDIS）的注意力偏见，这些偏见与人格的关系以及上下文因素如何影响DDIS的注意力偏见。该项目适用（翻译）基本的认知科学方法和注意力，感知过程的理论，并学习进一步了解我们对药物依赖的临床问题的理解。此外，该项目试图理解并展示可能意识到注意力偏见并增强DDIS的自我控制的上下文因素（热和冷处理）的作用。了解可以增强自我控制的上下文因素的知识对于预防高危个体和治疗药物依赖性将是有价值的。该项目的第一个目的是检验DDI优先奖励刺激的假设，并且这种注意力偏见专门与使用认知科学方法和精致的眼睛凝视跟踪仪器的冲动性人格特征有关。注意偏见将使用视觉注意部署，相似性判断和任务移动协议进行评估，并使用传统措施（例如，反应时间，凝视时间/偏好）以及从计算模型得出的参数进行量化。人格将在与药物滥用，冲动，避免伤害和兴奋有关的三个维度中进行评估。该项目还旨在探索药物依赖，避免伤害，负面影响以及对厌恶刺激的关注之间的关联。第二个目的是检验假设，即使用热处理教学集增加进近动机系统的激活将扩大DDIS中的这种注意偏见，并减少进近系统（COL CODEANSing集合）的激活，从而减轻了这种注意力偏见。第三个目标是开发更有效的实验室协议，以评估DDI中的认知动机过程。这涉及开发和提供科学界的一组特征和规范的图像集，可用于标准认知协议中，以利用注意力，感知组织，决策和关联/类别学习。该项目将提供有关注意偏见在药物依赖性中的作用以及如何操纵这种偏见以增加滥用药物中的自我控制的宝贵信息。