Single-cell Marking Studies of the Auditory Nerve

听觉神经的单细胞标记研究

• 批准号: 7315015
• 负责人: DAVID K. RYUGO
• 金额: $ 7.64万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-12-01 至 2008-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7315015
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Auditory; Auditory system; Brain; Cell Size; Cells; Child; Chromosome Pairing; Class; Clinical; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear nucleus; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Data; Development; Effectiveness; Electric Stimulation; Electron Microscopy; Felis catus; Fiber; Genes; Giant Cells; Goals; Golgi Apparatus; Grant; Grouping; Hair Cells; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Human; Implant; Knowledge; Label; Labyrinth; Light; Limb structure; Methods; Morphology; Mus; Nerve Fibers; Nervous system structure; Neurobiology; Neurons; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physiological; Population; Process; Property; Pyramidal Cells; Rate; Research; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Side; Staging; Staining method; Stains; Structure; Synapses; Synaptic plasticity; Syndrome; Techniques; Testing; Time; Vesicle; Work; auditory pathway; cell injury; congenital deafness; critical developmental period; deafness; density; deprivation; dorsal cochlear nucleus; granule cell; light microscopy; neural circuit; postsynaptic; prevent; receptor; response; restoration; size; sound; spiral ganglion

Our long-term goal is to understand brain mechanisms of hearing. The building blocks for this goal will be to determine the neural circuitry established by auditory nerve fibers in the cochlear nucleus, to describe the development of this circuitry, and to identify the role of hearing on this development. The cochlear nucleus is the focus of this research because it is the terminus of the auditory nerve that conveys all known acoustic information to the brain. In addition, the cochlear nucleus gives rise to all ascending auditory pathways. How the brain processes sound will be heavily dependent upon the organization of auditory nerve input. Intracellular recording and staining methods will be used to label the myelinated auditory nerve fibers in cats. The staining of single fibers after first characterizing their physiological response properties will permit us to make direct comparisons between a fiber's response features, its synaptic morphology, and its connections with neurons of the cochlear nucleus. By combining single fiber staining with other pathway tracing techniques and immunocytochemical methods, we can determine the organization of auditory nerve input at the single neuron level using light and electron microscopy. Some of the pathology of congenital deafness in adult cat brains has already been described. We will examine how congenital deafness affects synaptic organization and development, and we will determine to what extent cochlear implants prevent or reverse deafness-related abnormalities. We will begin searching for the gene(s) that cause deafness in our colony of deaf white cats. Studies of synaptic development in congenitally deaf mice are underway to verify the generality of results in cats. The proposed research will address the organization of auditory nerve projections to the cochlear nucleus, explore synaptic development and plasticity with respect to deafness and hearing restoration, and begin work on genes and congenital deafness. These results will be relevant to issues surrounding cochlear implants in children by defining the time period during which the developing auditory nervous system is most vulnerable to acoustic deprivation, and should advance our understanding of principles of sensory neurobiology.

我们的长期目标是了解听力的大脑机制。这个目标的基础将是 确定耳蜗核中听觉神经纤维建立的神经回路，以描述 该电路的开发，并确定听力对这一发展的作用。耳蜗核是 这项研究的重点是因为听觉神经的末端传达了所有已知的声学 向大脑的信息。另外，人工耳蜗核产生了所有上升的听觉途径。如何 大脑过程声音将在很大程度上取决于听觉神经输入的组织。 细胞内记录和染色方法将用于标记髓鞘的听觉神经纤维 猫。首先表征其生理反应特性后，单纤维的染色将允许 我们要在纤维的响应特征，其突触形态及其之间进行直接比较 与耳蜗核神经元的连接。通过将单纤维染色与其他途径相结合 追踪技术和免疫细胞化学方法，我们可以确定听觉神经的组织 使用光和电子显微镜在单个神经元水平上输入。先天性的一些病理 已经描述了成年猫大脑的耳聋。我们将研究先天性耳聋如何影响 突触组织和发展，我们将确定人工耳蜗预防或 反向耳聋相关的异常。我们将开始寻找引起我们的耳聋的基因 聋哑猫的殖民地。正在进行先天聋小鼠突触发育的研究以验证 猫结果的普遍性。 拟议的研究将针对对耳蜗核的听觉神经预测的组织， 探索有关耳聋和听力恢复的突触发展和可塑性，然后开始工作 关于基因和先天性耳聋。这些结果将与周围的人工耳蜗植入物的问题有关 通过定义开发听觉神经系统最脆弱的时间段，儿童 应对声学剥夺，并应促进我们对感觉神经生物学原理的理解。