High Risk Crack Use Settings and HIV in El Salvador

萨尔瓦多的高风险快克使用环境和艾滋病毒

• 批准号: 7289262
• 负责人: Julia B Dickson-Gomez
• 金额: $ 7.68万
• 依托单位: INSTITUTE FOR COMMUNITY RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-20 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7289262
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Address; Affect; Area; Central America; Class; Collaborations; Communities; Community Psychology; Condition; Country; Crack Cocaine; Crime; Data; Depth; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Drug Addiction; Drug usage; Drug user; Early Intervention; Economics; Effectiveness; El Salvador; Elderly; Epidemic; Ethnography; Evaluation; Focus Groups; Government; HIV; Healthcare; Housing; Individual; Institutes; Institution; International; Intervention; Interview; Joints; Latin America; Lead; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Measures; Methods; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neighborhoods; Nomads; Numbers; Participant; Patients; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Police; Policies; Populations at Risk; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention intervention; Preventive; Provider; Purpose; Range; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Infrastructure; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Running; Salvadoran; Services; Sex Behavior; Site; Smoker; Social Characteristics; Social Environment; Social Network; Squatter; Substance abuse problem; Surveys; System; Testing; Training; United States; Universities; Violence; Work; World Bank; base; design; drug distribution; follow-up; gang; member; metropolitan; prevent; programs; sex; social; statistics; therapy development; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this 4-year project entitled "High Risk Crack Use Settings and HIV in El Salvador" is to conduct formative research on the social context of crack use and sexual risk-taking in targeted communities in the San Salvador metropolitan area. The study has the following aims: 1) To identify and describe structural differences within and across three types of low-income communities in the San Salvador metropolitan area that affect the social context of crack use and HIV risk; 2) To document the range of variability in drug use sites, drug users' personal risk networks, and drug distribution systems across the three types of community; 3) To examine the relationship between drug distribution systems, drug use settings and drug user networks and HIV risk; 4) To estimate HIV prevalence among crack users in the San Salvador metropolitan area. Results from this study will be used to develop and explore the feasibility and acceptability of an HIV prevention intervention in collaboration with community partners that will address both community structural factors and the micro-social context of crack use and risky sex. An additional aim of the project is to increase the capacity of collaborating Salvadoran researchers to integrate qualitative, survey and network data in the conduct of research and intervention development. The proposed study will combine qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the first phase of the study we will conduct formative ethnographic research (community observations, focus groups and in-depth interviews) in nine communities (three of each type) in order to examine structural differences among the communities that may result in differences in the sites where crack is consumed and risky sex occurs, drug user roles in the drug distribution system, and drug user networks. We will use the formative ethnographic research to develop and pilot a survey instrument to measure macro-social characteristics of communities, the micro-social context of drug use, and individual-level drug use and HIV risky behaviors. In the second phase of the project we will conduct a survey with 540 crack smokers to explore variability in the micro-social context of drug use and HIV risk within and among the three community types, and to test the relationship between micro-social context of drug use and HIV risk. Additionally, we will conduct an abbreviated follow-up interview at 6 months with all survey participants in order to assess the effectiveness of different methods for tracking and retaining participants for follow-up interviews in the Salvadoran context, and demonstrate the feasibility of longitudinal research designs necessary for the rigorous evaluation of an HIV prevention intervention. In the final phase of the project, we will present the findings of the study to key stakeholders in the nine communities in order to develop a multi-level HIV prevention intervention. We will then explore the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention through focus group interviews with community leaders and crack users.

描述（由申请人提供）：这个为期4年的项目的目的为“萨尔瓦多的高风险使用环境和艾滋病毒”是为了就圣萨尔瓦多大都会地区有针对性社区的裂缝使用和性风险企业的社会背景进行形成性研究。该研究的目的是：1）识别和描述三种类型的在三种类型的低收入社区的结构差异，影响了影响裂缝使用和艾滋病毒风险的社会环境； 2）记录药物使用站点的可变性范围，吸毒者的个人风险网络以及三种类型的社区的药物分配系统； 3）检查药物分配系统，药物使用环境与药物用户网络与艾滋病毒风险之间的关系； 4）估计圣萨尔瓦多大都市地区裂缝使用者的艾滋病毒流行。这项研究的结果将用于开发和探索与社区合作伙伴合作的艾滋病毒预防干预的可行性和可接受性，这将解决社区结构因素以及裂缝使用和风险性行为的微社会背景。该项目的另一个目的是提高萨尔瓦多研究人员合作在研究和干预开发中整合定性，调查和网络数据的能力。拟议的研究将结合定性和定量研究方法。在研究的第一阶段中，我们将在九个社区（每种类型的三个）进行形成性民族志研究（社区观察，焦点小组和深入的访谈），以检查社区之间的结构差异，这些结构差异可能导致裂缝的差异和风险的性行为，并且在药物分配系统和药物用户网络中发生毒品用户角色，药物用户和药物用户网络中有差异。我们将使用形成性的人种学研究来开发和试行调查工具，以衡量社区的宏观社会特征，药物使用的微观社会环境以及个人级别的药物使用和HIV危险行为。在该项目的第二阶段，我们将与540名裂缝吸烟者进行调查，以探索三种社区类型内部和三种社区类型的毒品使用和HIV风险的可变性，并测试药物使用的微社会背景与HIV风险之间的关系。此外，我们将在6个月对所有调查参与者进行缩写的后续访谈，以评估不同方法在萨尔瓦多背景下进行跟踪和留住参与者进行后续访谈的有效性，并证明了对预防HIV预防干预的严格评估所必需的可行性。在该项目的最后阶段，我们将向九个社区的主要利益相关者介绍研究结果，以开发多层预防艾滋病毒预防干预措施。然后，我们将通过与社区领导者和破解用户进行焦点小组访谈探索干预措施的可接受性和可行性。