Effects Of Age And Conditioning Status On Rest And Exerc

年龄和体能状况对休息和锻炼的影响

• 批准号: 6674166
• 负责人: Samer Najjar
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6674166
• 关键词: aging; clinical research; exercise; gender difference; heart function; human subject; lifestyle; physical fitness; rest

Summary:Our laboratory utilizes multiple techniques to determine the effects of age, gender and lifestyle habits on cardiovascular (CV) performance at rest and during exercise. (A) We examined whether age affects midwall systolic left ventricular (LV) performance, a more sensitive marker for determining myocardial dysfunction than standard endocardial measures. In 330 normal BLSA men (n=141) and women (n=189), those older than the median age of 50 years had smaller LV cavities, greater wall thickness, and higher endocardial fractional shortening than younger subjects. However, midwall shortening was not significantly age-related in either sex. Furthermore, the relationship between midwall shortening and end-systolic stress was similar in older versus younger groups. Thus, normative aging appears to have minimal effect on LV systolic performance whether measured at the LV endocardium or the midwall. (B) Longitudinal changes of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) were determined in nearly 1,400 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) volunteers without evident cardiac disease, using mixed effects statistical analysis. Per decade, longitudinal declines in VO2max were generally greater than cross-sectional declines, especially in older decades. Gender differences in both absolute VO2max and rates of decline (men>women) are markedly attenuated when VO2max was normalized for fat-free mass rather than body weight. (C) The longitudinal decline in VO2max was determined in 42 older male endurance athletes, initially 64 (plus or minus) 6 years old. Over a mean follow-up of 7.8 years, VO2max declined by 22%, triple the decrease predicted by the baseline cross-sectional data. Within the overall sample, training status during follow-up had a major effect on the change in VO2max: the 6 men who continued to train vigorously had no significant decline in VO2max (0.28%/yr.), the 20 that trained at a lower intensity declined by 2.6% / yr, and the 14 who stopped training declined 4.6% / yr. Thus, physical activity patterns have a major impact on the long-term changes in maximal aerobic capacity in older athletes.

摘要：我们的实验室利用多种技术来确定年龄、性别和生活习惯对休息和运动时心血管 (CV) 表现的影响。 (A) 我们检查了年龄是否影响中壁收缩期左心室 (LV) 性能，这是比标准心内膜测量更敏感的确定心肌功能障碍的标志物。在 330 名正常 BLSA 男性 (n=141) 和女性 (n=189) 中，中位年龄超过 50 岁的人比年轻受试者的左心室腔更小、壁厚更大、心内膜缩短分数更高。然而，无论男女，中壁缩短均与年龄无关。此外，老年组与年轻组的中壁缩短和收缩末期压力之间的关系相似。因此，无论是在左心室心内膜还是中壁测量，正常老化似乎对左心室收缩性能影响最小。 (B) 使用混合效应统计分析，在近 1,400 名没有明显心脏病的巴尔的摩纵向衰老研究 (BLSA) 志愿者中确定了最大有氧能力 (VO2max) 的纵向变化。每十年，最大摄氧量的纵向下降通常大于横向下降，尤其是在过去的几十年中。当最大摄氧量针对去脂质量而不是体重进行标准化时，绝对最大摄氧量和下降率（男性>女性）的性别差异显着减弱。 (C) 最大摄氧量的纵向下降是在 42 名老年男性耐力运动员中测定的，最初年龄为 64（正负）6 岁。在平均 7.8 年的随访中，最大摄氧量下降了 22%，是基线横截面数据预测的下降幅度的三倍。在整个样本中，随访期间的训练状态对 VO2max 的变化有重大影响：继续剧烈训练的 6 名男性的 VO2max 没有显着下降（0.28%/年），而 20 名接受较低训练的男性的 VO2max 没有显着下降。强度每年下降 2.6%，停止训练的 14 人每年下降 4.6%。因此，体力活动模式对老年运动员最大有氧能力的长期变化具有重大影响。