A Shared Database for the Study of Phonological Development

语音发展研究的共享数据库

• 批准号: 7140810
• 负责人: BRIAN MACWHINNEY
• 金额: $ 25.23万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7140810
• 关键词: Internet; behavioral /social science research tag; bioinformatics; child psychology; children; computational biology; computer data analysis; computer program /software; computer system design /evaluation; data collection methodology /evaluation; human data; information systems; language development; language translation; method development; phonology; psychoacoustics; psycholinguistics; verbal learning

DESCRIPTION: The study of phonological development has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of language disorders, models of the biological bases of language production, the teaching of second languages, and the general advancement of linguistic theory. Recents advances in computational power make it possible for researchers to link high quality digital recordings to phonological and phonetic transcriptions. Using standards such as Unicode, IPA, and XML, the CHILDES database project (http://childes.psy.cmu.edu) now provides universal access to large corpora of transcripts linked to audio for students of both first and second language acquisition, along with a wide array of tools for lexical, syntactic, and discourse analysis. However, the CHILDES Project has not yet built effective tools for phonological and phonetic analysis. We will close this gap by developing a new Java-based program called Phon that interfaces with the CHILDES transcription format. Phon provides: (1) easy user-controlled utterance boundary marking, (2) an input method for Unicode IPA transcription of child forms, (3) automatic alignment of segments in child forms to waveform regions, (4) automatic insertion of the IPA form for adult target words, (5) automatic alignment of child forms to the adult targets for both segmental and prosodic levels, (6) tools for querying the database, and (7) tools for composing output reports. Phon will be configured to run either locally or over the web as a Java WebStart application. The construction of the new database will be supported by a group of 26 researchers who have agreed to contribute already collected and transcribed corpora from children learning 17 different languages. Subjects include bilingual children, normally-developing monolinguals, and children with language disorders. The data will be structured to facilitate testing of models regarding babbling universals, variant paths in segmental and prosodic development, markedness effects, prosodic context effects, segmentation patterns, statistical learning, frequency effects, interlanguage transfer, diagnosis of disability, stuttering patterns, disfluency patterns, and the effects of morphology and syntax. Benchmarks will be established to emphasize the direct competitive teasting of competing hypotheses from alternative theoretical and methodological positions.

描述：语音发展的研究对于语言障碍的诊断和治疗、语言产生的生物学基础模型、第二语言的教学以及语言理论的总体进步具有重要意义。计算能力的最新进展使研究人员能够将高质量的数字录音与语音和语音转录联系起来。使用 Unicode、IPA 和 XML 等标准，CHILDES 数据库项目 (http://childes.psy.cmu.edu) 现在为学习第一语言和第二语言的学生提供与音频链接的大型文本语料库的普遍访问，以及一系列用于词汇、句法、 和话语分析。然而，CHILDES 项目尚未构建有效的音系和语音分析工具。 我们将通过开发一个名为 Phon 的新的基于 Java 的程序来缩小这一差距，该程序与 CHILDES 转录格式交互。 Phon 提供：(1) 简单的用户控制的话语边界标记，(2) 子表单的 Unicode IPA 转录的输入方法，(3) 子表单中段的自动对齐 到波形区域，(4) 自动插入成人目标词的国际音标形式，(5) 自动将儿童形式与成人目标对齐，用于分段和韵律级别，(6) 用于查询数据库的工具，以及 (7)用于撰写输出报告的工具。 Phon 将被配置为在本地运行或作为 Java WebStart 应用程序在网络上运行。新数据库的建设将得到 26 名研究人员的支持，他们同意贡献已经收集和转录的儿童学习语料库 17 种不同的语言。受试者包括双语儿童、正常发育的单语儿童和有语言障碍的儿童。数据的结构将有助于测试有关咿呀学语共性、片段和韵律发展的变异路径、标记效应、韵律上下文效应、分段模式、统计学习、频率效应、中介语迁移、残疾诊断、口吃模式、不流利模式的模型，以及词法和句法的影响。将建立基准，以强调对替代假设的竞争性假设进行直接竞争测试 理论和方法论立场。