Cost-efficient sustainable control of lead solubility in Bristol Water drinking water network

对布里斯托尔饮用水网络中的铅溶解度进行经济有效的可持续控制

• 批准号: 2889981
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bath
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2889981
• 关键词: Cost; efficient; sustainable; control; lead

Lead piping continues to be used in domestic pipelines of older properties around the UK and globally. The primary approaches to limiting the release of lead into the water network are replacement of lead pipes and orthophosphate treatment of water. Orthophosphate treatment is known to reduce lead solubility by forming alternative lead precipitates. Despite this there is limited knowledge on the lead-phosphate minerals formed and the impact of water quality on mineral identity and character. Studying how water quality effects lead solubility will be a major aim of the project. Similarly, new alternative water treatment techniques are currently being sought to limit lead solubility. This research will investigate these alternative treatments, including orthophosphate-polyphosphate blends, and their potential to limit lead solubility within piping.The project anticipates utilising multiple approaches to study water treatment methods. The expectation is that results from these techniques approaches can be correlated linking industrial scale observations with those determined in the molecular level. Analytical chemistry will study eluent water from lead pipes and lead piping scales determining whether these are consistent between different water quality parameters and treatment techniques. This work is expected to require several analytical techniques including, but not limited to, X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis. Previous research has not attempted to carry out this type of analysis while controlling the water quality or alternative water treatment techniques.Similarly previous research involving use of lead rigs to test orthophosphate treatment have neglected to properly test the importance of orthophosphate dose or major water quality parameters, both which likely affect lead solubility. This study will use lead rigs within the lab and Bristol Water sites to utilise Designed Experiments testing lead, colour, phosphorus and other metals solubility through lead pipes while varying factors including several water quality parameters, treatment techniques and treatment concentrations. Finally, by critically assessing the existing water quality and orthophosphate treatment data within the Bristol Water network the study can determine how relevant the results are. This is critical to confirm whether large scale, real-world network data correlates to that of lab studies. Considerations such as equilibria, kinetics and thermodynamics all contribute to real-world lead solubility and while studies are commonly carried out in laboratories, they often neglect to consider whether they can demonstrate a clear correlation to industrial data. As a result of this project there will be a greater understanding of the water quality and water treatment factors which affect lead solubility. This can help policy makers, including Bristol Water, refine their treatment techniques balancing the need to control lead with desire to produce colour-free, low-eutrophication potential water. All the project focus areas directly relate to the core topic of EPSRC by investigating more sustainable drinking water treatment and delivery within framework of more resilient and prosperous UK society.

英国和全球各地旧物业的国内管道继续使用铅管道。限制铅释放到水网中的主要方法是更换铅管和对水进行正磷酸盐处理。已知正磷酸盐处理可通过形成替代的铅沉淀物来降低铅的溶解度。尽管如此，对于形成的磷酸铅矿物以及水质对矿物特性和特性的影响的了解仍然有限。研究水质如何影响铅溶解度将是该项目的主要目标。同样，目前正在寻求新的替代水处理技术来限制铅的溶解度。这项研究将调查这些替代处理方法，包括正磷酸盐-聚磷酸盐混合物，及其限制管道内铅溶解度的潜力。该项目预计利用多种方法来研究水处理方法。期望这些技术方法的结果可以将工业规模的观察结果与分子水平上确定的结果相关联。分析化学将研究铅管和铅管垢的洗脱水，以确定这些在不同的水质参数和处理技术之间是否一致。这项工作预计需要多种分析技术，包括但不限于 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线微分析。先前的研究并未尝试在控制水质或替代水处理技术的同时进行此类分析。类似地，先前涉及使用铅装置测试正磷酸盐处理的研究也忽略了正确测试正磷酸盐剂量或主要水质参数的重要性，两者都可能影响铅的溶解度。这项研究将在实验室和布里斯托尔水务中心使用铅钻机，利用设计实验通过铅管测试铅、颜色、磷和其他金属的溶解度，同时改变包括几个水质参数、处理技术和处理浓度在内的因素。最后，通过严格评估布里斯托尔供水网络内现有的水质和正磷酸盐处理数据，该研究可以确定结果的相关性。这对于确认大规模的真实世界网络数据是否与实验室研究数据相关至关重要。平衡、动力学和热力学等考虑因素都有助于现实世界的铅溶解度，虽然研究通常在实验室进行，但他们往往忽略考虑是否可以证明与工业数据的明确相关性。通过该项目，人们将对影响铅溶解度的水质和水处理因素有更深入的了解。这可以帮助包括布里斯托尔水务公司在内的政策制定者完善其处理技术，平衡控制铅的需求与生产无色、低富营养化潜力水的愿望。所有项目重点领域都与 EPSRC 的核心主题直接相关，通过在更具弹性和繁荣的英国社会框架内调查更可持续的饮用水处理和输送。