Attentional Biases: Overt and Covert Mechanisms

注意偏差：显性和隐性机制

基本信息

批准号：
6851665
负责人：
CHRISTOPHER M JANELLE
金额：
$ 6.8万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-03-01 至 2007-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The importance of understanding affective responsivity as pertaining to global health-related issues and a variety of clinical pathologies cannot be overstated. Indeed, such maladies as depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and eating disorders, among others, strongly implicate dysfunctional affective regulation. The extent to which anxiety and fear related disorders are characterized by attentional maintenance or avoidance holds critical implications for the delivery of treatments such as exposure (in vivo and systematic desensitization), cognitive, and behavioral therapies that rely upon manipulation of attention / emotion interactions among people with affective disorders. Although various paradigms for assessment of emotional reactivity and attentional biases have been developed, each has yielded clearly limited and conflicting information concerning overt and covert indices of attentional allocation when detecting and processing emotional material. Three separate experiments are proposed to clarify discrepant interpretations concerning the maintenance and avoidance of affective cues among high and low trait anxious subjects. In Experiment 1, eye movements will be tracked during performance of a dot probe task across extended stimulus presentation periods to determine the direction and duration of attentional biases. Experiments 2 and 3 are designed to further evaluate the locus and extent of attentional biases by including a startle probe within the context of viewed picture arrays. As such, the degree of coupling between eye movements when viewing affective content (as determined through gaze behavior measures) and attentional allocation to emotional content (as assessed by startle modulated eye blink magnitude) will be determined. In turn, discrepant findings between advocates of avoidance and maintenance orientations to attentional biases will be resolved. Completion of the project will permit a more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of approach and withdrawal behavior as related to emotional responsivity. Though basic in nature, the proposed line of research will provide a needed advance in the specificity by which attentional allocation and emotional reactivity can be measured, and consequently, will inform treatment modalities to alleviate the dysfunctional attentional biases that underlie anxiety related disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：理解情感反应对于全球健康相关问题和各种临床病理学的重要性怎么强调也不为过。事实上，抑郁症、焦虑症、恐惧症和饮食失调等疾病与情感调节功能失调密切相关。焦虑和恐惧相关疾病以注意力维持或回避为特征的程度对于治疗的实施具有重要意义，例如暴露（体内和系统脱敏）、认知和行为疗法，这些疗法依赖于操纵注意力/情绪相互作用患有情感障碍的人。尽管已经开发出了用于评估情绪反应和注意力偏差的各种范式，但每种范式都产生了关于检测和处理情绪材料时的注意力分配的显性和隐性指数的明显有限且相互矛盾的信息。提出了三个独立的实验来澄清关于高和低特质焦虑受试者维持和避免情感线索的不同解释。在实验 1 中，将在较长的刺激呈现期间执行点探测任务期间跟踪眼球运动，以确定注意力偏差的方向和持续时间。实验 2 和 3 旨在通过在观看的图片阵列的背景下包含惊吓探针来进一步评估注意力偏差的位置和程度。因此，将确定观看情感内容时的眼球运动（通过注视行为测量确定）与情感内容的注意力分配（通过惊吓调制的眨眼幅度评估）之间的耦合程度。反过来，对于注意偏差的回避取向和维持取向的倡导者之间的差异研究结果将得到解决。该项目的完成将使人们对与情绪反应相关的接近和退缩行为有更全面和机械的理解。虽然本质上是基础性的，但拟议的研究路线将在可以测量注意力分配和情绪反应性的特异性方面提供必要的进展，从而为治疗方式提供信息，以减轻焦虑相关疾病背后的功能失调的注意力偏差。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（3）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Emotion and motor preparation: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study of corticospinal motor tract excitability.

情绪和运动准备：皮质脊髓运动束兴奋性的经颅磁刺激研究。

DOI：
发表时间：
2009-12
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Coombes, Stephen A;Tandonnet, Christophe;Fujiyama, Hakuei;Janelle, Christopher M;Cauraugh, James H;Summers, Jeffery J
通讯作者：
Summers, Jeffery J

Emotional reactivity and force control: the influence of behavioral inhibition.

情绪反应和力量控制：行为抑制的影响。

DOI：
发表时间：
2011-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Coombes, Stephen A;Naugle, Kelly M;Barnes, Robert T;Cauraugh, James H;Janelle, Christopher M
通讯作者：
Janelle, Christopher M

Influence of emotion on the control of low-level force production.

情绪对低水平力产生控制的影响。