SYNAPTIC INTERACTIONS AND MECHANISMS IN THE RETINA

视网膜中的突触相互作用和机制

• 批准号: 7034529
• 负责人: DAVID Richard COPENHAGEN
• 金额: $ 36.58万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1977
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1977-02-01 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7034529
• 关键词: NMDA receptors; biological signal transduction; dark adaptation; developmental neurobiology; electroretinography; genetically modified animals; glutamate transporter; laboratory mouse; neural transmission; polymerase chain reaction; receptor expression; retina; retinal bipolar neuron; retinal ganglion; synapses; synaptic vesicles; vision; visual deprivation; visual feedback; visual photoreceptor; voltage /patch clamp; wild animals

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our long-term goals have been to identify the pathways and underlying mechanisms of synaptic transmission in the retina. We also seek to understand how synaptic pathways are regulated during development and how this development is influenced by visual inputs. Recently it has been discovered that the development of ON-OFF pathways in mouse retina requires visual stimulation. We seek to understand and characterize the role of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in guiding and promoting development of ON-OFF pathways and other synaptic pathways. A further aim is to determine how a decrease of pattern vision in young animals governs the development of synaptic pathways and visual function in retina. A final goal is to characterize how visual deprivation, produced by dark rearing, affects the development of inhibitory pathways and the functional structure of ganglion cell receptive fields. It has been commonly assumed that development of retina is not affected by visual deprivation. The profound refinements of visual function and neuronal connectivity observed in higher centers of the visual system were thought to originate in these higher regions. Now, given that visual deprivation can influence retinal function, these concepts will have to be reevaluated. These studies will be performed in mouse retina. The mouse is becoming a well-characterized and much utilized model system for development in mammals. In addition, because of the relative ease in creating transgenically engineered mice, there has been a rapid expansion in the availability of cellular markers and specific molecular deletion in these species. Even more important, however, is that the retina, being one of the best studied and well characterized areas of the visual system, affords us a chance to investigate more easily the cellular mechanisms that control development and plasticity.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的长期目标是确定视网膜突触传播的途径和潜在机制。我们还试图了解在开发过程中如何调节突触途径，以及该开发如何受到视觉投入的影响。最近，已经发现，小鼠视网膜中的开关途径的发展需要视觉刺激。我们寻求理解并表征谷氨酸能突触传播在指导和促进开关途径和其他突触途径的发展中的作用。进一步的目的是确定年轻动物模式视觉减少如何控制视网膜突触途径和视觉功能的发展。最终目标是表征黑暗饲养产生的视觉剥夺如何影响抑制途径的发展和神经节细胞接受场的功能结构。通常认为，视网膜的发展不受视觉剥夺的影响。在视觉系统的较高中心观察到的视觉功能和神经元连通性的深刻改进被认为起源于这些较高的区域。现在，鉴于视觉剥夺会影响视网膜功能，因此必须重新评估这些概念。这些研究将在小鼠视网膜中进行。该小鼠正在成为哺乳动物开发的特征且使用众多的模型系统。此外，由于创建经跨程序的小鼠相对容易，因此在这些物种中的细胞标记和特定分子缺失方面存在迅速的扩展。然而，更重要的是，视网膜是视觉系统中研究和表征良好的领域之一，它使我们有机会更容易研究控制发展和可塑性的细胞机制。