CRCNS-Attentional Selection and Perceptual Organization

CRCNS-注意选择和知觉组织

基本信息

批准号：
7269848
负责人：
ERNST NIEBUR
金额：
$ 33万
依托单位：
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-09-01 至 2009-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7269848
关键词：
Area Attention Award Book Chapters Brain Brain Part Code Cognition Cognitive Computer Simulation Conscious Data Analyses Data Collection Eye Funding Goals Grant Human Image Institutes Journals Laws Location Mind Modality Monkeys Nervous system structure Neurosciences Ownership Perception Primates Process Psychologist Publications Relative (related person)Research Running Side Signal Transduction Somatosensory Cortex Staging Stimulus Structure Students Tactile Testing Time Training Underrepresented Minority United States National Institutes of Health Vision Vision Disorders Visual Visual Cortex Visual Perception Visual system structure Work abstracting area V2 awake base career clinical application computational neuroscience data structure directed attention experience interest model development nervous system disorder neural information processing neurophysiology originality outreach perceptual organization relating to nervous system research study response segregation selective attention technical report visual process visual processing visual stimulus

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An important aspect of visual perception is figure-ground segregation. Because the eyes register only 2D images of a 3D world, the visual system needs to detect the contours of objects and assign them correctly to the object side, rather than to the background side. Our recent studies indicate that the assignment of "border ownership" occurs in cortical area V2. In a so-far separate line of work, we have studied selective attention, which is the mechanism by which the nervous system selects the most relevant information at any time. We have found a strong correlation between the attentional state and the temporal structure of neural responses, viz. synchrony between neural spike trains. In the proposed work, we suggest that attention may be viewed as a mechanism that works at a level of intermediate vision and perceptual organization. Specifically, we propose that the neural substrate that is observed to generate the border ownership coding signals may also provide 'handles' for attentional selection. Central processes of selective attention may then rely on the visual data structure provided by this area. Our preliminary results indicate that attentional control may be exerted by employing synchrony structures akin to those seen in our previous work. We will study this hypothesis both by computational modeling and by recording in awake behaving monkeys. The hypothesis generates clear predictions, of which some have been confirmed in preliminary studies and others are to be tested in the proposed work. Understanding the interplay between selective attention and perceptual organization will contribute significantly to understanding the vision process in particular, and the principles of neural information processing in general. Beyond the theoretical interest, understanding the function of the visual cortex is an important goal in view of clinical applications because large parts of the brain are devoted to visual processing, and many neurological diseases are accompanied by central visual disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉感知的一个重要方面是图形与背景的分离。由于眼睛仅记录 3D 世界的 2D 图像，因此视觉系统需要检测物体的轮廓并将其正确分配到物体侧，而不是背景侧。我们最近的研究表明，“边界所有权”的分配发生在皮质区 V2。在迄今为止的独立工作中，我们研究了选择性注意，这是神经系统随时选择最相关信息的机制。我们发现注意力状态和神经反应的时间结构之间存在很强的相关性。神经尖峰序列之间的同步。在拟议的工作中，我们建议注意力可以被视为一种在中间视觉和感知组织水平上起作用的机制。具体来说，我们建议观察到生成边界所有权编码信号的神经基质也可能为注意力选择提供“手柄”。选择性注意的中央过程可能依赖于该区域提供的视觉数据结构。我们的初步结果表明，注意力控制可以通过采用类似于我们之前工作中看到的同步结构来实现。我们将通过计算模型和对清醒的猴子进行记录来研究这一假设。该假设产生了明确的预测，其中一些已在初步研究中得到证实，另一些将在拟议的工作中进行测试。了解选择性注意和知觉组织之间的相互作用将极大地有助于理解视觉过程，特别是理解神经信息处理的一般原理。除了理论兴趣之外，了解视觉皮层的功能也是临床应用的一个重要目标，因为大脑的大部分区域致力于视觉处理，而许多神经系统疾病都伴有中枢视觉障碍。